ArticleStem cell research & therapy2025
hucMSC-derived exosomes targeting macrophage polarization attenuate systemic inflammation in T1DM via INS/SOD1 delivery.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Autoimmune Diseases: A Focus on Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes miR-143-3p Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Enhancing Podocyte Autophagy via Bcl-2/Beclin1 Pathway.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- The role of pancreatic islet macrophages in type 2 diabetes mellitus: from underlying pathological mechanisms to therapeutic target discovery.Metabolism open · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory and regenerative effects of human umbilical cord MSC-EVs in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- The therapeutic effect of exosomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Plant Exosome-Loaded Intelligent Hydrogels for Osteoporotic Bone Regeneration: Mechanisms and Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by absolute insulin (INS) deficiency. As key components of the immune system, macrophages play critical roles in T1DM-associated pancreatic β-cell damage and multiorgan inflammatory injuries. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-EXOs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for immune-related disorders due to their immunomodulatory properties and favorable safety profile. However, systematic investigations into the therapeutic potential of hucMSC-EXOs in T1DM are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the systemic anti-inflammatory effects of hucMSC-EXOs in T1DM and identify their key bioactive components.
methodsT1DM was induced in C57BL/6 male mice via streptozotocin, followed by intraperitoneal administration of hucMSC-EXOs. Systemic glucose metabolism, multiorgan pathology, and macrophage infiltration were assessed. In vitro, THP-1-derived macrophages were polarized to an M1 phenotype and treated with hucMSC-EXOs. Proteomic profiling, pharmacological inhibition, and functional assays were employed to identify critical exosomal components.
resultshucMSC-EXOs significantly reduced hyperglycemia, restored glucose tolerance, and attenuated structural damage in the pancreas, spleen, liver, kidney, and heart of T1DM mice (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, hucMSC-EXOs suppressed macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-6, TNF-α, CCL-2) across tissues. Proteomic analysis revealed INS and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as enriched anti-inflammatory proteins in hucMSC-EXOs. Heat inactivation abolished their bioactivity, while pharmacological inhibition of INS (S961) or SOD1 (ATN-224) reversed hucMSC-EXOs-mediated suppression of macrophage activation (p < 0.01).
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that hucMSC-EXOs ameliorate T1DM- associated hyperglycemia and multiorgan inflammation by targeting macrophage polarization through delivery of INS and SOD1. Our study reveals that hucMSC-EXOs exert their anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated delivery of insulin and SOD1, establishing a protein-centric mechanism for exosome-mediated immunomodulation in T1DM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.