Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40683670›Full record

ArticleExperimental physiology2026

Sex differences in cerebral pulsatility and damping: A 4D flow MRI study.

Sarean Harmoni A Gaynor-Metzinger, Alexander M Norby, Brandon G Fico, M Erin Moir, Nicole A Loggie, Kathleen B Miller, Adam T Corkery, Andrew G Pearson, Anna J Howery, Leonardo A Rivera-Rivera and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sarean Harmoni A Gaynor-MetzingerBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3151-2039
Alexander M NorbyBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Brandon G FicoBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7874-1464
M Erin MoirBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3027-4964
Nicole A LoggieBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Kathleen B MillerBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2878-3978
Adam T CorkeryBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1657-3025
Andrew G PearsonBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3908-936X
Anna J HoweryBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Leonardo A Rivera-RiveraDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Kevin M JohnsonWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Sterling C JohnsonDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Oliver WiebenDepartment of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ryan D ZeaBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Jill N BarnesBruno Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6317-4153

Funding

Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG062715 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2025 to 2025
$4.4M
TRAINING PROGRAM IN TRANSLATIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCET32HL007936 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2001 to 2025
$2.1M
Non-Invasive Imaging Markers to Elicit the Role of Vascular Involvement in Alzheimer’s DiseaseR01AG075788 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2023 to 2025
$1.3M
Alzheimer's Association Research Fellowship AARF-22-924325NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL118154NHLBI NIH HHS R00 HL118154NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007936NIA NIH HHS P30 AG062715NIA NIH HHS R01 AG075788NIA NIH HHS R03 AG070469NIH HHS AG070469NIH HHS AG070469-S1NIH HHS AG075788NIH HHS HL007936NIH HHS HL118154NIH HHS HL118854NIH HHS P30-AG062715University of Wisconsin-Madison Cardiovascular Research Center HL007936Virginia Horne Henry Research GrantWisconsin Alumni Research FoundationWisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center P30-AG062715
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cerebral pulsatility is a potential marker of cerebrovascular health, yet little is understood about sex differences in cerebral pulsatility with age, especially within different cerebral arteries. Additionally, cerebral damping can blunt cerebral pulsatility and might decline with age. Therefore, we aimed to identify sex differences in cerebral pulsatility and damping across the adult lifespan. Forty-three young, 67 middle-aged and 54 older adults had cerebral haemodynamics measured in the internal carotid arteries (ICAs), middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and basilar artery using 4D flow MRI. Cerebral pulsatility index (PI) and damping factor (DF) were calculated. Young females had lower PI than young males in the ICAs (p < 0.05 for both), and middle-aged females had lower PI than middle-aged males in the right ICA (p < 0.01). In contrast, older females had greater PI than older males in the right ICA (p < 0.01) and in the right MCA (p < 0.05). Only the DF between the right ICA and MCA was lower in young females than in young males (p < 0.001). Taken together, females experience greater age-related elevations in cerebral pulsatility in comparison to males, especially within the proximal arteries of the anterior circulation. Damping was not different between males and females within the proximal arteries of anterior circulation, suggesting a different underlying mechanism. Overall, our findings suggest sex-specific trends in cerebral pulsatility with age, although the mechanisms driving this require further exploration.

Indexed as

Cerebrovascular CirculationPulsatile FlowAdultAgedAgingBasilar ArteryBlood Flow VelocityCarotid Artery, InternalFemaleHemodynamicsHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedMiddle Cerebral ArterySex Characteristicsageingbasilar arterycerebral blood flowhaemodynamicsinternal carotid arterymagnetic resonancemiddle cerebral arteryvascular physiology

Identifiers

PMID40683670
PMCPMC12857486

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.