Evidence mapPaperPMID 40685157Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2026

MRI characteristics during attack and remission distinguish patients with MOG antibody-associated disease from multiple sclerosis.

Stephanie B Syc-Mazurek, Laura Cacciaguerra, Deena A Tajfirouz, Vyanka Redenbaugh, Karl N Krecke, Smathorn Thakolwiboon, Alessandro Dinoto, Ajay Madhavan, Jan-Mendelt Tillema, A Sebastian Lopez-Chiriboga and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Stephanie B Syc-MazurekNeurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-6648
Laura CacciaguerraNeurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9342-2410
Deena A TajfirouzNeurology, Opthalmology, and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-8728
Vyanka RedenbaughNeurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Karl N KreckeRadiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Smathorn ThakolwiboonNeurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0607-904X
Alessandro DinotoNeurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Ajay MadhavanRadiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1794-4502
Jan-Mendelt TillemaNeurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
A Sebastian Lopez-ChiribogaNeurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Cristina Valencia-SanchezNeurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-8035
Elia SechiDepartment of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-663X
John J ChenNeurology, Opthalmology, and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Sean J PittockNeurology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6140-5584
Eoin P FlanaganNeurology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA flanagan.eoin@mayo.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2910

Funding

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: incidence, prevalence, outcome prediction and immunopathologyR01NS113828 · NINDS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Eoin P Flanagan · 2021 to 2024
$1.4M
NIA NIH HHS R21 AG058738NIA NIH HHS R33 AG058738NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113828
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) have both overlapping and distinct MRI lesion features, which vary with imaging timing. This study identified distinguishing MRI characteristics using paired MRIs at clinical attack and remission.

methodsWe retrospectively identified Mayo Clinic patients with MOGAD and MS that: (1) fulfilled respective diagnostic criteria; (2) had paired attack (≤30 days) and remission MRI scans (≥12 months) without interval attacks. MRIs were compared between groups for key features.

resultsWe included 43 patients with MOGAD (median age 31 years (range, 3-67); 63% female) and 49 patients with MS (median age 39 years (range, 17-65); 65% female). Resolution of at least one T2-lesion differentiated MOGAD from MS (sensitivity, (95% CI 77% to 100%), specificity, (95% CI 86% to 99%); Youden's index (YI)=0.90). Resolution of at least two T2-lesions indicated MOGAD (sensitivity 62% (95% CI 41% to 79%); specificity, 100% (95% CI 94% to 100%); YI=0.62). MOGAD patients were more likely to have normal MRI scans at follow-up compared with MS (brain 14/44 (32%) vs 0/60 (0%), p<0.001; spine 21/27 (78%) vs 7/36 (19%), p<0.001). In addition, the presence of T1-hypointense, ovoid periventricular T2, and enhancing lesions were more common in MS versus MOGAD at attack and remission and in the spine, longitudinally extensive T2 lesions were more common in MOGAD attacks (8/27 (30%)).

conclusionPaired MRI at attack and remission revealed distinctive characteristics of MOGAD and MS, with greater diagnostic value at remission driven by the discriminating power of T2-lesion resolution. In MOGAD patients with initial parenchymal involvement, a 1-year follow-up MRI may aid diagnosis and serve as a new baseline.

Indexed as

BrainMagnetic Resonance ImagingMultiple SclerosisMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinAdolescentAdultAgedAutoantibodiesChildChild, PreschoolDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated DiseaseAutoantibodiesMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinCLINICAL NEUROLOGYMRIMULTIPLE SCLEROSISNEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Identifiers

PMID40685157
PMCPMC12421407

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.