Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40687952›Full record

ArticleBMJ public health2025

Systematic review of interventions to reduce ethnic health inequalities in maternal and perinatal health in the UK.

Oluwaseun B Esan, Nicholas K Adjei, Samira Saberian, Lara Christianson, Alya Mazlan, Rukun K S Khalaf, Olukemi Yetunde Towolawi, Philip McHale, Andy Pennington, Rebecca Sally Geary and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Oluwaseun B EsanDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7903-8770
Nicholas K AdjeiDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Samira SaberianDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Lara ChristiansonLibrary, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-255X
Alya MazlanDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4209-228X
Rukun K S KhalafDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7666-0617
Olukemi Yetunde TowolawiAcademic Research, Independent Researcher, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7703-6420
Philip McHaleDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-2291
Andy PenningtonDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3455-8825
Rebecca Sally GearyDepartment of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Abimbola AyorindeDivision of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-5092

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

abstractIntroduction: There are persistent ethnic health inequalities in maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes in the UK. We sought to examine the available evidence on interventions to reduce ethnic health inequalities in maternal, neonatal and infant outcomes during pregnancy and up to the first year of the postnatal period. Method: We conducted a systematic review searching MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science (Social Science Index) databases, Results: The electronic search identified 11 600 studies, with 16 studies describing eight types of interventions meeting the inclusion criteria. Studies were published between 1981 and 2022, predominantly in England (n=14), with a range of outcomes reported, including mode of delivery, place of birth, birth weight, stillbirth and preterm birth. The sample size varied from 21 to 20 651 participants with ethnic minority populations ranging from 18.9% to 100% of the study population. Studies mapped mainly to the patient level with policy least represented (14 and two, respectively). All studies described the reasons for the intervention with limited reporting on any modification during the study (n=2). Two studies with two types of interventions (early pre-eclampsia screening and midwifery continuity of care) demonstrated the potential for interventions to reduce ethnic health inequalities. Conclusion: This review highlights the paucity of evaluated interventions to tackle ethnic health inequalities in maternal, neonatal/infant outcomes. Mapping interventions to the conceptual framework provides the evidence base for national policy interventions to tackle these long-protracted inequities. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023453083.

Indexed as

public healthsocial medicinesociodemographic factorssystematic review

Identifiers

PMID40687952
PMCPMC12273135

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.