Trial reportClinical oral investigations2025
Effect of chlorhexidine mouthwash on subgingival bacterial endotoxin activity and periodontal status during treatment with metal and non-metal fixed orthodontic appliance: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEndotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria; it adheres to orthodontic brackets and contributes to inflammation of adjacent gingival tissues. This study investigated the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and appliance material on plaque control, gingivitis, and subgingival endotoxin activity during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND
methodsSixty-eight participants aged 12-18 years (50% females) were recruited and randomized into groups based on appliance material (metal vs. nonmetal) and CHX use. The plaque and gingival indices, plaque pH, and subgingival endotoxin activity were assessed before appliance placement (T0) and two months after the commencement of orthodontic treatment (T1).
resultsThere were no significant differences in the changes in endotoxin activity, periodontal status, and plaque pH (ΔT1-T0) between the metal and nonmetal groups regardless of CHX usage. Gingivitis decreased in the nonmetal appliance group with standard oral hygiene (p = 0.033). Endotoxin activity at T1 was correlated with the extent of gingivitis (r = 0.459; p < 0.001) and plaque accumulation (r = 0.264; p = 0.035). Multiple regression analysis revealed that after controlling for the effects of sex, appliance material, and CHX, the predictors of gingivitis after 2 months of orthodontic treatment were increased endotoxin activity (p = 0.004), increased plaque index (p = 0.005), and older age (p = 0.043).
conclusionThe early impacts of metal and nonmetal orthodontic appliances on gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation are similar, with changes in the extent of gingivitis linked to endotoxin levels rather than appliance type or CHX use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gingivitis during orthodontic treatment is mostly related to efficient plaque control and not to appliance material.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40690003What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.