ArticleDiscover oncology2025
Global burden of liver cancer attributable to drug use: trends from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040.
Article in Discover oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- PSMB8 as a Core Target Mediating the Anti-Hepatocellular Carci-Noma Activity of Lingonberry (Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Economic value of finotonlimab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib for first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in China and the United States.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases upon hepatic disorder and carcinogenesis in the current era.World journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Global Contribution of Drug Use to Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Worldwide From 1990 to 2021 and Projections to 2045.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLiver cancer (LC) is a major global health burden, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 75-85% of cases. Drug use, including legal and illicit substances, has emerged as a significant yet underrecognized risk factor for LC, contributing to viral hepatitis transmission, direct hepatotoxicity, and metabolic disorders. This study aims to assess the global and regional trends in drug-induced LC mortality and disease burden from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends up to 2040 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.
methodsUtilizing GBD 2021 data, we analyzed age-standardized death rates (ASDR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) to evaluate trends in drug-induced LC mortality globally and across Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was employed to project future disease burden. Subgroup analyses were conducted using sex, age, and SDI categories to identify distinct patterns of change.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, global deaths from drug-induced LC increased nearly fourfold, with ASDR rising from 0.32 to 0.83 per 100,000 (EAPC = 1.81). DALYs increased significantly, from 9.60 to 20.42 per 100,000 (EAPC = 1.22). Women exhibited higher EAPC values for ASDR (2.36) and DALYs (1.87) compared to men, indicating that the relative rate of increase in the disease burden over time is greater for women. High SDI regions experienced the largest increases in ASDR and DALYs, while low SDI regions showed slower but steady growth. Projections suggest a plateau in ASDR and DALYs before 2030, followed by a decline by 2040.
conclusionThe global burden of drug-induced LC has increased significantly, with notable disparities across regions and genders. High SDI regions face the fastest-growing burden, while low SDI regions experience rising mortality and morbidity. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to address drug use and LC prevention, particularly in high-risk populations and regions.
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