ArticleGeroScience2026
Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for cognitive decline in individuals aged 50 or older.
Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitamin D supplement intake is associated with better cognition in persons with sleep disturbance and mild cognitive impairment.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary Carotenoids and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Health care science · 2026Article
- Does the Combination of Abdominal Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency Increase the Risk of Death in Individuals Aged 50 or Older? Evidence From the ELSA Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Vitamin D supplement use in Egypt and Jordan and associated factors: A survey-based study.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Longitudinal studies provide conflicting evidence regarding the impact of vitamin D deficiency on cognitive performance in older individuals. The present study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for poorer trajectories in global cognition and specific cognitive domains over a six-year follow-up period. This cohort study analysed data from 2625 participants aged 50 years or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] was classified as sufficient (> 75 nmol/L), insufficient (> 30 and ≤ 75 nmol/L), or deficient (≤ 30 nmol/L). Cognitive performance was assessed using the verbal fluency test, word list test, temporal orientation test, and global cognition, standardised in z-scores by age group and educational level. Generalised linear mixed models, adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical variables, estimated rates of decline in global cognition and cognitive domains based on vitamin D status. Participants with vitamin D deficiency showed greater declines in the z-score of global cognition (- 0.037 standard deviations (SD) per year; 95% CI: - 0.069 to - 0.005) and executive function (- 0.038 SD per year; 95% CI: - 0.071 to - 0.004) compared to those with sufficient vitamin D levels. No significant differences were observed in the trajectories of memory or temporal orientation in relation to vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for declines in global cognition and executive function in individuals aged 50 or older. The assessment and management of vitamin D levels may be crucial strategies for promoting cognitive health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.