ArticleCommunications medicine2025
Metformin use on the risks of depression and anxiety in people with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- MetAAA Trial Patients Receiving Metformin Therapy Show Limited Improvement in Quality of Life Compared to AAA Patients with Placebo Intake-A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Trial.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Exploring the risk of depression and suicide/self-injury in patients receiving GLP-1RAs combined with metformin versus GLP-1RA monotherapy: a real-word analysis of the FAERS database.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of interaction between type 2 diabetes and psychological disorders and therapeutic interventions: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany studies have shown that metformin may benefit mental health, but its genetic relevance remains unclear. The balance between metformin's mental benefits and potential side effects has not been thoroughly explored. This highlights the need for a detailed evaluation of metformin's impact on personalized glucose-lowering strategies in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
methodsWe analyzed data from 11,379 patients with T2DM (mean age 60.16 ± 6.85 years; 68% male) from the UK Biobank to compare the risk of mental disorders between metformin users and non-users. Propensity score weighting (PSW) and multivariate Cox models were used to adjust for confounding factors. Genome-wide environmental interaction study (GWEIS) identified genes associated with metformin use and mental disorders. Time-to-benefit (TTB) for metformin-induced prevention of mental disorders was estimated using Weibull models and Monte Carlo simulations.
resultsAmong 11,379 participants, 1115 (9.96%) are diagnosed with depression and 896 (7.93%) with anxiety. Metformin use significantly reduces the risk of depression (PSW: 0.771, 95% CI: 0.649-0.916). GWEIS identifies multiple significant genes with interaction effects between metformin use and depression, such as KCNIP4 (P = 7.69 × 10
conclusionsThis study reveals the potential protective effect of metformin against depression, identifying some new candidate genes that may influence this effect. Meanwhile, patients with a life expectancy of more than 8.270 years may derive mental health benefits from metformin treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.