Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40692268›Full record

ArticleDiabetes & metabolism journal2025

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

So Hyun Cho, Gyuri Kim, Kyu-Na Lee, Rosa Oh, Ji Yoon Kim, Myunghwa Jang, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Kyu Yeon Hur, Kyungdo Han and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

So Hyun Cho *Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Gyuri Kim *Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kyu-Na LeeDepartment of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Rosa OhDepartment of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Ji Yoon KimDepartment of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Myunghwa JangDepartment of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
You-Bin LeeDepartment of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Sang-Man JinDepartment of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kyu Yeon HurDepartment of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kyungdo HanDepartment of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea.
Jae Hyeon KimDepartment of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundWe investigated the incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) categories, focusing on its association with alcohol consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

methodsThis study included 2,418,858 patients with T2DM aged 20 years and older who underwent a health examination between 2009 and 2012. Participants were categorized into five groups according to hepatic steatosis, cardiometabolic risk factors, other liver diseases, and alcohol consumption. Hepatic steatosis was defined as the fatty liver index ≥30. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the association between steatotic liver disease and development of HCC.

resultsThe MASLD group showed a higher risk of HCC development regardless of alcohol consumption or presence of other liver diseases (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 1.44). The MASLD with other combined group expressed the highest risk (aHR, 5.02; 95% CI, 4.79 to 5.27). In the metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related steatotic liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease groups, heavy to excessive alcohol consumption increased the risk of HCC development, with a higher risk associated with greater alcohol intake (aHR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.27 to 2.53 and aHR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.93 to 3.41). Fine and Gray analysis also exhibited a consistent trend.

conclusionMASLD in patients with T2DM was associated with an increased risk of developing HCC, particularly when accompanied by other liver diseases. Moreover, alcohol consumption proportionally increased the risk of HCC with the amount of alcohol consumed.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Fatty LiverLiver NeoplasmsAdultAgedAlcohol DrinkingFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsAlcohol drinkingCarcinoma, hepatocellularDiabetes mellitusFatty liver

Identifiers

PMID40692268
PMCPMC12620688

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.