Evidence mapPaperPMID 40692313Full record

SynthesisDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025

Clinical features and outcomes of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients using SGLT2 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dahyeon Lee, Gayeong Seo, Yunha Kim, Jea Young Min, Jeong Yee

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dahyeon LeeSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Gayeong SeoSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5587-3298
Yunha KimSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8575-1910
Jea Young MinSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9328-6922
Jeong YeeSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-143X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are effective antihyperglycaemic agents; however, they also increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). As the clinical evidence comparing DKA features between SGLT2i users and non-users remains limited due to the low incidence of DKA, this study aimed to compare the clinical features and outcomes of DKA in SGLT2i users and non-users by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND

methodsRelevant studies were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in February 2025. Studies that compared the clinical features or outcomes of DKA between SGLT2i users and non-users were included. Pooled estimates were derived using odds ratios for binary variables and mean differences for continuous variables.

resultsA total of 9 studies were analysed. DKA cases in SGLT2i users had lower odds of prior DKA and insulin use. Compared with DKA cases in non-users, SGLT2i users had lower glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, and lactate levels. No significant differences were found in the length of hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, or in-hospital mortality.

conclusionsThese findings provide quantitative evidence of the distinct clinical features of SGLT2i-associated DKA, which may aid in early detection, management, and prevention in clinical practice.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic KetoacidosisSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsHumansHypoglycemic AgentsTreatment OutcomeHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorsdiabetes complicationsmeta‐analysisSGLT2 inhibitortype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40692313
PMCPMC12409204

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.