ReviewFrontiers in global women's health2025
Research advances and future directions in female ADHD: the lifelong interplay of hormonal fluctuations with mood, cognition, and disease.
Review in Frontiers in global women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Important Health Care Components to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Young Women With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Delphi Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Elevated cardiovascular risk associated with hormone replacement therapy: A comprehensive analysis of reproductive factors and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease outcomes in the UK Biobank cohort.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Review
- Retrospective childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits and their differential associations with mood disorder presentations in adulthood.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Incidence of ADHD diagnoses and medication initiation among children and adolescents in Norway from 2016-2024.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- "Controlled by Female Hormones": A Qualitative Interview Study of Swedish Women's Experiences of Gender-Specific Aspects of Life With ADHD.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Associations of Anxiety and Depression and Hypomanic Traits with Self-Informant Discrepancies in Adults First Diagnosed with ADHD in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Management of ADHD in Women Across Perimenopause, Menopause and Post-Menopause.Drugs & aging · 2026Review
- Symptom expression and coping strategies in women-focused attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder communities: a comparative natural language analysis of Reddit.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Menstrual Cycle-Related Hormonal Fluctuations in ADHD: Effect on Cognitive Functioning-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Integrative literature review - the impact of ADHD across women's lifespan.BMC women's health · 2025Review
- Practical tools for female-specific ADHD: The impact of hormonal fluctuations in clinical practice and from the literature.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- "Hormones rule me": A qualitative exploration of the impact of perimenopause on women with ADHD.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in girls and women is under-recognised and under-researched, despite increasing awareness of clinical challenges and unmet needs. This review by the Eunethydis Special Interest Group on Female ADHD, addresses current knowledge and identifies research gaps for future work. Issues in women with ADHD across the lifespan such as late diagnosis, pubertal development, sexual health, hormonal birth control, executive function difficulties, and gynaecological disorders associated with ADHD are highlighted. Methods: The review synthesises existing literature and self-reported experiences of women with ADHD to explore the impact of hormonal fluctuations [puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, (peri)menopause] on ADHD symptoms and mood disturbances. It examines the interplay of oestrogen and progesterone with dopaminergic pathways, when periods of lower oestrogen may affect cognition, as well as the manifestation of executive function deficits, and the intersection of ADHD with reproductive health. Results: Hormonal transitions exacerbate ADHD symptoms and mood disturbances, yet pharmacological research and tailored treatments are lacking. Executive function deficits manifest differently in girls and women with ADHD and are influenced by neuropsychological and neurobiological profiles. Diagnostic practices and sociocultural factors contribute to delayed diagnoses, increasing the risk of comorbidities, impaired functioning, and diminished quality of life. Undiagnosed women have increased vulnerability to premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression, and cardiovascular disease during perimenopause. Discussion: Longitudinal, sex-specific studies incorporating hormonal status and lived experience are needed. Individualised interventions should be developed to address the unique needs of girls and women with ADHD. Addressing these gaps will advance more equitable diagnosis, management, and support for girls and women with ADHD, improving outcomes across the female lifespan.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.