ArticleCureus2025
Awareness of Stroke Risk Factors, Warning Signs, and Health-Seeking Behaviors Among Adults With Cardio-Metabolic Risk Attending a Primary Care Clinic in Malacca, Malaysia.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Knowledge and Practice Regarding Stroke Prevention and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients at Selected Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Knowledge of stroke warning signs, attitudes to emergency activation, and help-seeking practices among adults in a hospital catchment: a single-center KAP study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Early identification of stroke warning signs and risk factors may expedite intervention, thus improving the clinical outcome, which is especially important in individuals who already have risk factors. The main objective of this study is to assess awareness of stroke risk factors, warning signs, and health-seeking behavior related to stroke among adults with cardio-metabolic risk factors attending primary care. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary care clinic in Malacca, Malaysia, focusing on adults with cardio-metabolic risk factors. A standardized questionnaire, piloted prior to the study, that focused on the domains of warning signs of stroke and risk factors was used, whereas the health-seeking behavior domain was adapted from the Malay version of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease risk (ABCD-M) questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were done to analyze the factors using SPSS version 29 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Out of 230 recruited patients, only 21.3% were able to identify all five stroke warning signs, with the most commonly known sign being sudden numbness or weakness on one side of the body (88.3%), comprising 203 patients, whereas only 23.9% were able to answer all 12 risk factors contributing to stroke. The mean number of warning signs known was 3.2 ± 1.4, and the mean number of risk factors known was 9.2 ± 2.8. There is a huge gap between the health-seeking behavior among this population, with the lowest mark of 8 and the highest mark of 72. The factors that contributed to health-seeking behavior related to stroke were age group (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): -0.293, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.123-0.696), presence of heart disease (AOR: -0.237, 95% CI: 0.062-0.900), and total number of risk factors of stroke known (AOR: 1.131, 95% CI: 1.024-1.248). Conclusion Awareness of stroke warning signs and risk factors was still poor among the targeted population at risk of stroke. A huge gap in health-seeking behavior within this group warrants a better stroke prevention practice among this group of patients, which can be promoted by the primary healthcare provider.
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