Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40693088›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Risk at the Crossroads: Evaluating the Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections in High-Risk Groups.

Vijaylakshmi Jain, Sumit Aggarwal, Kuldeep Nigam, Bhushan Kamble, Rashmi Kundapur, Deepthi Konda, Mishu Mangla, Raja Sundaramurthy, Meely Panda, Lakshmi Jyothi Tadi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Vijaylakshmi JainDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.
Sumit AggarwalDivision of Descriptive Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IND.
Kuldeep NigamDivision of Descriptive Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, IND.
Bhushan KambleDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.
Rashmi KundapurDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.
Deepthi KondaDepartment of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.
Mishu ManglaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.
Raja SundaramurthyDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.
Meely PandaDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.
Lakshmi Jyothi TadiDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Bibinagar, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to pose a serious public health challenge globally, including in India. With over one million new cases reported annually, inadequate testing and screening remain significant barriers to controlling and ultimately eliminating STI transmission. Men who have sex with men (MSMs), transgender individuals (TGs), female sex workers (FSWs), and injecting drug users (IDUs) are widely recognized as experiencing higher infection rates. In this context, we aimed to evaluate STI-associated risk factors among high-risk group (HRG) communities in Hyderabad.

methodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2024 to January 2025 to assess STI risk across high-risk groups, including IDU, MSM, FSW, and TG populations residing in various parts of Hyderabad city. A questionnaire-based STI risk assessment tool, adapted from NACO guidelines, was used in the study. Participants were administered the standardized tool, and pertinent sociodemographic data were collected and analyzed using Jamovi v2.6 software.

resultsThe study employed a questionnaire-based tool to identify and address key socio-behavioral risks associated with STI transmission. A significantly high risk of STIs was observed across all typologies, with particularly elevated risk in MSM (87.3%) and TG (69.2%) individuals falling into the medium-to-high risk category. Substantial risk was also noted in FSWs (57.5%) and IDUs (60.7%), primarily under the low-risk category. Factors such as younger age, marital status, and family structure were associated with higher STI risk.

conclusionA significantly higher risk of STI was observed among MSM and TG individuals compared to FSWs and IDUs within the overall HRG population. These findings highlight the utility of STI risk screening in targeted intervention sites, NGOs, and healthcare settings. They further emphasize the need for focused interventions and routine STI screening, particularly among high-risk groups.

Indexed as

high-risk groupsindiareproductive tract infectionsrisk assessmentsexually transmitted infection

Identifiers

PMID40693088
PMCPMC12277219

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.