Evidence mapPaperPMID 40695852Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Identification of SnRNA U6 as an endogenous reference gene for normalization of MiRNA expression data in COVID-19 patients.

Íris Terezinha Santos de Santana Silva, Hllytchaikra Ferraz Fehlberg, Fabrício Barbosa Ferreira, Murillo Ferreira da Silva, Pérola Rodrigues Dos Santos, Vinicius Moreira Porto, João Carlos Teixeira Dias, George Rego Albuquerque, Ana Paula Melo Mariano, Sandra Rocha Gadelha and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Íris Terezinha Santos de Santana SilvaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Hllytchaikra Ferraz FehlbergLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Fabrício Barbosa FerreiraPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Murillo Ferreira da SilvaPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Pérola Rodrigues Dos SantosLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Vinicius Moreira PortoLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
João Carlos Teixeira DiasPrograma de Pós-graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
George Rego AlbuquerqueLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Ana Paula Melo MarianoLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Sandra Rocha GadelhaLaboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
Carla Martins KanetoLaboratório de Patologia e Genética (LAPAGEN), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. cmkaneto@uesc.br.

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 88887.644892/2021-00Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPESB, Edital 02/2020 - Programa Pesquisa para o SUS: gestão compartilhada em saúde - PPSUS Outorga nº SUS0032/2021Programa Laboratórios de Campanha do Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - MCTI/FINEP 0494/20-01.20.0026.00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, exhibits structural differences compared to other coronaviruses that impact transmission dynamics and host response. Although vaccines have reduced severe hospitalizations and deaths, understanding the infection remains challenging, and finding viable biomarkers for disease severity would be beneficial. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small non-coding RNAs that have emerged as potential biomarkers for numerous diseases. However, assessing miRNA expression requires the normalization of RT-qPCR data using appropriate endogenous reference genes. The selection of these reference genes remains a major challenge, directly impacting the accuracy of expression analyses. Although several small RNAs, including snRNAs, have been evaluated, there is still no consensus regarding the optimal reference genes for the normalization of plasma miRNA expression data in COVID-19 infection. This study evaluated five candidate genes-including RNU6B, snRNA U6 (small nuclear RNAs) and three miRNAs (miR-320a, miR-342-3p, and miR-328) as potential endogenous normalizers for analyzing miRNA expression in the plasma of COVID-19 patients. The snRNA U6 showed greater stability using a combination of statistical algorithms (NormFinder, RefFinder, BestKeeper, and GeNorm), indicating that this snRNA can be used as a robust internal reference for analysis in the plasma of COVID-19 patients.

Indexed as

COVID-19MicroRNAsRNA, Small NuclearAdultAgedFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHumansMaleMiddle AgedReference StandardsSARS-CoV-2MicroRNAsRNA, Small NuclearU6 small nuclear RNACovid-19miRNANormalizationRT-qPCRSARS-CoV-2snRNAU6

Identifiers

PMID40695852
PMCPMC12284167

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.