ArticleMedicine2025
Causal effects of antibody-mediated immune responses on myocarditis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antibody-mediated immune responses and cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a link between viral infections and myocarditis, but the causal nature of this relationship remains unclear. The antibody-mediated immune responses generated after such infections reflect an individual's infection history and immune status, offering insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. We used 46 antibody-mediated immune responses as exposures, with European myocarditis and Finnish nonischemic cardiomyopathy as outcomes. The overlapping results were then identified and further validated using Mendelian randomization based on generalized summary data to ensure accuracy. Our Mendelian randomization based on generalized summary data analysis showed that Epstein-Barr virus-related antibody levels, including EBNA-1 (OR = 1.7225, 95% CI: 1.2692-2.3376, P < .001) and VCA p18 (OR = 1.8108, 95% CI: 1.1919-2.7511, P = .0054), were significantly associated with an increased risk of myocarditis. In addition, polyomavirus-related antibody levels, including anti-polyomavirus 2 IgG seropositivity (OR = 0.5762, 95% CI: 0.4521-0.7344, P < .001), anti-Merkel cell polyomavirus IgG seropositivity (OR = 0.6924, 95% CI: 0.5522-0.8682, P = .0014), and Merkel cell polyomavirus VP1 antibody levels (OR = 0.6093, 95% CI: 0.3989-0.9307, P = .0219), were significantly associated with a reduced risk of myocarditis. Similarly, antibody levels against varicella zoster virus glycoproteins E and I were also inversely associated with myocarditis risk (OR = 0.4478, 95% CI: 0.3035-0.6606, P < .001). We identified 6 antibody-mediated immune responses associated with myocarditis, along with multiple genetic variants linked to these responses. These findings may help prioritize future research directions and guide drug development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.