ArticlePublic health in practice (Oxford, England)2025
In-hospital course of children with COVID-19 infection - Results of the German nationwide inpatient sample.
Article in Public health in practice (Oxford, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: To date, few large studies of clinical outcomes in pediatric COVID-19 patients have been reported. Study design: Epidemiological study of the German nationwide inpatient study (GNIS). Methods: We used the GNIS to analyze all hospitalized children ≤18 years with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis in Germany between Jan 1st and December 31st, 2020. Results: Overall, 3360 children aged ≤18 years were hospitalized with COVID-19 infection in Germany in 2020 (49.8 % females). Among these, 1640 (48.8 %) were aged ≤6 years, 504 (15.0 %) 7 - ≤12 years and 1216 (36.2 %) were aged 13 - ≤18 years. Among these 3360 patients, 3.3 % were treated with mechanical ventilation and 0.23 % died in the hospital. The frequency of venous thromboembolism (0.18 %), vasculopathy (0.68 %), multisystem inflammatory syndrome caused by COVID-19 (0.65 %), and diagnosis of myocarditis (0.60 %) were low. Besides pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, obesity (OR 6.1 [95 %CI 2.1-18.2], P = 0.001), heart failure (OR 17.0 [95 %CI 6.8-42.1], P < 0.001) and acute/chronic kidney failure (OR 9.5 [95 %CI 4.0-22.2], P < 0.001) were independently associated with mechanical ventilation. Acute or chronic kidney failure (OR 41.4 [95 %CI 7.8-218.6], P < 0.001), liver disease (OR 18.8 [95 %CI 2.5-143.3], P = 0.005), and necessity of mechanical ventilation (OR 7.6 [95 %CI 1.2-47.4], P = 0.031) were independent risk factors for case-fatality. Conclusions: In Germany in 2020, hospitalized children aged ≤18 years with COVID-19 infection had a low case-fatality. Heart, liver and renal failure were associated with adverse COVID-19 complications, such as the need for mechanical ventilation or death. Myocarditis, vasculopathy and venous thromboembolism were rare complications in this patient group.
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