ArticleWorld journal of diabetes2025
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors improve insulin resistance and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.
Article in World journal of diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Decoupling weight loss from organoprotective benefits in GLP-1RA, dual agonists, and SGLT2I therapy: A narrative review.Acta diabetologica · 2026Review
- The SGLT2 Inhibitor Canagliflozin Promotes β-Cell Regeneration and Restores and Stabilises β-Cell Identity in a Polygenic Model of Severe Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Hypothesis: Nutrient Off-Loading and Ectopic Fat Reduction Reverse Insulin Resistance and Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Insulin Resistance/Hyperinsulinemia Should Be Considered in the Prevention and Treatment of Essential Hypertension.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Rewinding the Clock: Emerging Pharmacological Strategies for Human Anti-Aging Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
aimTo evaluate the influence of SGLT2 inhibitors on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) in patients with T2D in a meta-analysis.
methodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLT2 inhibitors to placebo in T2D patients, with a minimum treatment duration of 12 weeks, were searched using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Changes in HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were the outcomes analyzed. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model by incorporating the potential influences of heterogeneity.
resultsOf 1388 articles identified, 24 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. 23 of the included studies were double-blind RCTs with low risk of bias. Pooled results including 2272 patients showed that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced HOMA-IR compared to placebo [mean difference (MD) = -0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.11 to -0.52,
conclusionSGLT2 inhibitors are associated with improvements in insulin resistance and β-cell function in patients with T2D, although the certainty of evidence is moderate due to heterogeneity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.