Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40697604›Full record

Trial reportWorld journal of diabetes2025

Factors influencing insulin requirements in using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections in type 2 diabetes.

Ruo-Man Sun, De-Xing Dai, Feng Xu, Ya-Li Ling, Zhong-Jian Xie

Abstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in World journal of diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ruo-Man SunNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Disease, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
De-Xing DaiNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Disease, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Feng XuNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Disease, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Ya-Li LingNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Disease, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
Zhong-Jian XieNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Disease, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China. zhongjian.xie@csu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies have shown that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) require a lower dose of insulin than those treated with multiple daily injections (MDIs). However, it is unclear whether this is also the case for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

aimTo compare insulin dosage requirements between CSII and MDI in T2DM, identifying influencing factors associated with both therapeutic modalities.

methodsA total of 954 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups: CSII and MDI groups. The total daily insulin dose (TDD), TDD

resultsCompared to the CSII group, the MDI group required a higher TDD [median (interquartile)]: 30.00 (24.00, 38.00) U/day

conclusionPatients with T2DM receiving CSII treatment require a lower dose of insulin to achieve good glycemic control. BMI, WC, FPG, and HbA1c are the main factors affecting insulin dosage.

Indexed as

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusionGlycemic controlInsulin doseMultiple daily injectionsType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40697604
PMCPMC12278071

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.