ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Efficacy and safety of indigo naturalis oil extract (Lindioil ointment) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a randomized, crossover, evaluator-blinded, controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03614221 (Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Lindioil), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Lindioil (Indigo Naturalis Oil Extract) Ointment to Protopic® (Tacrolimus 0.1%) Ointment in Treating Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Evaluator-blind, Crossover, Active-Controlled Trial
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Active Shelf: A Clinician's Guide to Active Dermatologic Care for Atopic Dermatitis.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Lindioil ointment or its compound formulations are commonly used traditional Chinese medicine practitioners to treat adult eczema or localized dermatitis. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of Lindioil ointment (indigo naturalis oil extract) for treating atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, crossover, evaluator-blinded, controlled study. Twenty-two patients with a median age of 26.5 (range, 20.8-44.3) years were treated with Lindioil or tacrolimus 0.1%. The primary outcome was change in the eczema areas severity index (EASI), body surface area (BSA), pruritus numeric rating scale (NRS) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) after each 6-week treatment. Results: After 6 weeks of treatment, the EASI decreased significantly from 6.6 to 3.4 (P = 0.017) in the Lindioil group, and from 6.7 to 1.9 (P < 0.001) in the tacrolimus group. The BSA percentage change was significantly less in the tacrolimus group (-43.6% vs. -86.7%, P = 0.002). Significant differences between the 2 groups were observed in NRS (-2.5 vs. -5.5, P = 0.005) and DLQI median change (-5 vs. -10, P = 0.005). After Lindioil or tacrolimus ointment therapy, AD lesions' skin microbiota shifted from Firmicutes dominance to Proteobacteria dominance, resembling non-lesion skin. The proportion of Discussion: Lindioil ointment is effective for the treatment of mild-to-severe AD and has less side effects compared to tacrolimus. Lindioil ointment may alleviate AD by altering skin microbiota. Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, under the number NCT03614221.
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