ReviewAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease: Mechanism, Clinical Efficacy, and Current Challenges.
Review in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Orbital Radiotherapy for Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy in the Era of Targeted Biologics: Reposition, Not Replace.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Concurrent Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease, and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of Th17/Treg imbalance in autoimmune thyroid diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Antibody-based therapeutics and therapeutic development for diabetic retinopathy: targeting VEGF, Ang/Tie, and inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by orbital inflammation and tissue remodeling. Teprotumumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), represents a significant breakthrough in TED treatment. This review comprehensively analyzes the therapeutic role of teprotumumab in TED management. Mechanistically, teprotumumab inhibits the IGF-1R/TSHR signaling complex, thereby reducing orbital fibroblast differentiation and inflammatory responses. Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated its remarkable efficacy in reducing proptosis and improving clinical activity scores, with the benefits extending to both active and chronic TED cases. Real-world studies have validated these findings further and expanded its potential applications to various clinical scenarios, including dysthyroid optic neuropathy and steroid-resistant cases. However, several challenges remain. These include treatment-related adverse effects such as hyperglycemia and hearing impairment, with emerging evidence suggesting ethnic variations in susceptibility. The high cost of treatment poses significant accessibility barriers, while limited long-term follow-up data and potential disease recurrence necessitate further investigation. This review synthesizes the current evidence to inform clinical decision-making and highlights areas requiring additional research to optimize teprotumumab's therapeutic application in TED management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.