Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40700481›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Metabotissugenic citrate biomaterials orchestrate bone regeneration via citrate-mediated signaling pathways.

Hui Xu, Xinyu Tan, Ethan Gerhard, Hao Zhang, Rohitraj Ray, Yuqi Wang, Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli, Elias B Rizk, April D Armstrong, Su Yan and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Materials today. Bio · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hui XuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0009-0003-3419-3912
Xinyu TanDepartment of Traumatic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.ORCID 0000-0003-4385-7795
Ethan GerhardDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Hao ZhangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, PR China.ORCID 0000-0001-7043-5438
Rohitraj RayDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Yuqi WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Sri-Rajasekhar KothapalliDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4010-1047
Elias B RizkDepartment of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
April D ArmstrongDepartment of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3729-9811
Su YanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4810-7769
Jian YangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, PR China.ORCID 0000-0003-0695-828X

Funding

Novel nanoparticles to stimulate therapeutic angiogenesis in peripheral arterial diseaseR01HL158204 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS ARLINGTON · PI LIU, LI, NGUYEN, KYTAI TRUONG · 2022 to 2025
$2.2M
Photoacoustic and epigenetic nerve scaffold for nerve regenerationR01NS123433 · NINDS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI Su Yan · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL158204NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS123433
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone regeneration requires coordinated anabolic and catabolic signaling, yet the interplay between mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways remains unclear. This study reveals that citrate, glutamine, and magnesium synergistically activate both pathways via calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)- and protein kinase B (Akt)-dependent signaling, bypassing the traditional adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensing mechanism. This dual activation supports sustained energy metabolism during osteogenesis and challenges the canonical antagonism between mTORC1 and AMPK. We developed CitraBoneQMg, a citrate-based biomaterial incorporating these components via one-pot synthesis. CitraBoneQMg provides sustained release, photoluminescent and photoacoustic imaging capabilities, and tunable mechanical properties. In vitro, it promotes osteogenesis by enhancing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteogenic gene expression, and calcium deposition. In vivo, it accelerates bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model while promoting anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative responses. We define this integrated effect as "metabotissugenesis," offering a metabolically optimized approach to orthopedic biomaterial design.

Indexed as

Biocompatible MaterialsBone RegenerationCitric AcidSignal TransductionAnimalsHumansOsteogenesisProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyBiocompatible MaterialsCitric AcidProto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

Identifiers

PMID40700481
PMCPMC12285708

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.