Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40701593›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Systematic review protocol for effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of non-surgical interventions to prevent diabetes progression in adults with prediabetes.

Chee Fai Sui, Long Chiau Ming, Yee Chang Soh, Chin Hui Ng, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Zahid Hussain

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Chee Fai SuiSir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-7720
Long Chiau MingSir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia ming.long@bath.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-1383
Yee Chang SohSir Jeffrey Cheah Sunway Medical School, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia.
Chin Hui NgPharmacy Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Yaser Mohammed Al-WorafiAzal University for Human Development, Sana'a, Yemen.
Zahid HussainSchool of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

IntroductionPrediabetes (PD), defined by impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, represents a growing global health challenge, with a prevalence projected to increase substantially. PD is a critical intervention target because of its high annual progression rate (5-10%) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Non-surgical interventions (NSIs), particularly lifestyle modifications (LMs) and pharmacological therapies, are the cornerstone of PD management, demonstrating efficacy and cost efficiency over surgical options. However, despite LM's ability to reduce T2DM incidence by 40-70% in trials such as the Diabetes Prevention Program, real-world implementation faces barriers, including resource intensity and complex delivery requirements, which increase upfront costs. We aim to review scientific literature reporting on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of NSIs for preventing the progression of PD to T2DM among adults. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A comprehensive systematic search will be conducted across major biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) for records published up to July 2024. We will include studies involving adults diagnosed with PD according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) or WHO criteria, focusing on LM and pharmacological treatments. Observational and interventional study designs, including economic evaluations, will be considered. PRIMARY OUTCOME: diabetes incidence (ADA or WHO glycaemic criteria). SECONDARY OUTCOMES: (1) CVD risk factors, (2) health utilities and (3) healthcare cost analyses. The protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024561294). Data extraction and quality assessment will be performed by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by the consensus of a third reviewer. Data will be narratively synthesised; if the data allow, a meta-analysis will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review was exempt from ethical approval as it involved no collection of individual patient data and posed no confidentiality risks. The findings will be shared via publication in a peer-reviewed journal or presentation at relevant conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024561294.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Prediabetic StateAdultCost-Benefit AnalysisDisease ProgressionHumansLife StyleResearch DesignSystematic Reviews as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HEALTH ECONOMICSQuality of Life

Identifiers

PMID40701593
PMCPMC12306239

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.