Systematic review and meta-analysis of health outcomes following diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD).

Background: In recent years, diabetes rates have reached alarming levels. Healthy dietary patterns can lower the risk of chronic diseases, and a Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet (DRRD) may have broader implications for overall health. Comprehensive research is needed to examine the association of DRRD with human health outcomes. Methods: In December 2023, a thorough literature search was conducted using multiple databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, along with manual inclusion of Google Scholar and Embase. The findings were analyzed using the DerSimonian, and random-effects meta-analysis was used to address study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the robustness of the results. Results: Finally, 26 studies, including 14 cohorts, nine case-control, and three cross-sectional studies, were systematically reviewed, with 22 included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed that a higher DRRD a higher DRRD was associated with a 23% reduced risk of cancer incidence (OR: 0.77, 95%CI: 0.67-0.88), a 36% risk reduction in cancer development (OR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.53-0.77), a 24% reduction in mortality (OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.72-0.80), and a 47% reduction in the risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (OR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.47-0.60). The sensitivity analyses show the robustness of the meta-analysis findings. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the DRRD, designed as a diabetes-prevention diet, may have far-reaching implications for disease prevention. Its potential to prevent not only diabetes but also cancer and all-cause mortality underscores the importance of further research in this area, which could significantly impact public health strategies. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01687-5.