ArticleJournal of medical virology2025
Surveillance of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus-Comparison of Vaccination- and Infection-Induced Seroprevalences in Lower Bavaria, Germany.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tick-borne encephalitis in the Åland Islands, Finland: incidence and disease course since the implementation of a general TBE vaccination programme.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Article
- Reassessing Regional Tick-Borne Encephalitis Endemicity in Poland Through Seroprevalence Analysis in Blood Donors, 2021-2022.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pathogens of the human central nervous system-the major viral pathogens.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Infection and Vaccination-Induced Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus IgG Antibody Prevalence in the Austrian Federal State of Upper Austria, a High-Risk Region for TBEV.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Toxoplasma gondii prevalence and its impact on tick-borne encephalitis virus infection among humans in Heilongjiang province of China.Parasitology research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging flavivirus in Europe and Asia, causing severe neurological disease in humans. Recent advances in serological diagnostics, in particular the detection of antibodies against the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), enable epidemiological research by differentiation of vaccine- and infection-induced antibodies. This assay facilitates precise studies on TBEV seroprevalence. Our study investigates the TBEV seroprevalence in the district of Passau and the surrounding high-risk areas in Lower Bavaria, Germany. A total of 1339 serum samples from voluntary blood donors were examined using a combination of IgG ELISA, NS1-antibody ELISA, and micro-neutralization test (NT). The results showed a TBEV-specific IgG antibody prevalence of 84.8% (1135/1339). Of these, 3.6% (41/1135) were NS1-antibody positive samples, which indicates infection-related antibodies. The vaccination coverage rate was estimated at 81.2% (1094/1339), which is in line with the results from neighboring Austria but exceeds previous vaccination estimates for Bavaria. The study showed a discrepancy between the officially reported incidences (3.7 new cases/100 000 inhabitants annually) and the actual infection rate based on NS1-antibody seroprevalence (180.6 infections/100 000 inhabitants annually). The manifestation index was calculated at 2.1%, confirming that the majority of TBE infections are subclinical or asymptomatic. The results emphasize the usefulness of NS1-antibody-based diagnostics in the accurate assessment of TBEV prevalence and highlight the need for improved surveillance in endemic areas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.