SynthesisAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
Cytokines and immune biomarkers in neurodegeneration and cognitive function: A systematic review among individuals of African ancestry.
Synthesis in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cytokines and immune biomarkers in neurodegeneration and cognitive function: A systematic review among individuals of African ancestry.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- CRP Is a Key Indicator of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Vascular Injury and Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- FNDC5/irisin ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction via αVβ5-cAMP signaling to regulate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Immunotherapies for risk reduction in age-associated neurodegenerative diseases: impact of sex and treatment duration.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Serum interleukin-6 as a neuroinflammatory biomarker across the spectrum of neurological disorders: a large-scale retrospective cohort study of 6,465 individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapies are associated with reduced risk of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases: impact of sex and treatment duration.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Population disparities in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundCytokines and immune markers are critical in mediating inflammation associated with neurodegenerative disease. This review analyzes the role of inflammatory cytokines and immune markers in neurodegeneration among African populations.
methodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining cytokine levels in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on populations of African ancestry.
resultsCytokines like interleukin (IL)-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and IL-8. IL-6 emerged as a key pro-inflammatory marker linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline, showing stronger correlations in African ancestry populations compared to Caucasians. Genetic findings revealed triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 variants and Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIb rs1050501 genotypes as influential in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related inflammation, alongside a unique correlation between immunoglobulin G index inflammatory markers and AD in African ancestry populations. DISCUSSION: The findings emphasize the crucial role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding their variations among African populations can inform targeted therapeutic strategies and improve patient outcomes. HIGHLIGHTS: Interleukin (IL)-6 was identified as a key pro-inflammatory marker, consistently linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and dementia, underscoring its significant role in neurodegenerative disease progression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were associated with improved cognitive performance, particularly in African American participants. Observational studies identified sex-based differences in IL-10 levels, particularly among older African American women. The review highlights notable ethnic differences in cytokines like IL-8, IL-1β, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors, emphasizing their roles in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in people of African descent. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 variants, immunoglobulin GM allotypes, and Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIb rs1050501 genotypes were found to influence AD-related inflammation and progression in African ancestry populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.