Evidence mapPaperPMID 40710552Full record

ReviewMetabolites2025

Human Digestive Physiology and Evolutionary Diet: A Metabolomic Perspective on Carnivorous and Scavenger Adaptations.

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, Laura Redondo-Flórez, Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez, Eduardo Navarro-Jimenez, José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Metabolites, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Vicente Javier Clemente-SuárezFaculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2397-2801
Laura Redondo-FlórezDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1006-7642
Ana Isabel Beltrán-VelascoPsychology Department, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y la Naturaleza, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28240 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9893-0227
Rodrigo Yáñez-SepúlvedaFaculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.ORCID 0000-0002-9311-6576
Alejandro Rubio-ZarapuzFaculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3616-7799
Alexandra Martín-RodríguezFaculty of Health Sciences, UNIE University, 28015 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0087-4379
Eduardo Navarro-JimenezFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.ORCID 0000-0002-8171-662X
José Francisco Tornero-AguileraGraduate School of Business, Universidad ESAN, Alonso de Molina 1652, Santiago de Surco, Lima 15023, Peru.ORCID 0000-0002-0747-8133

Funding

the Universidad Europea de Madrid project 2024/UEM27
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review examines human digestive physiology and metabolic adaptations in the context of evolutionary dietary patterns, particularly those emphasizing carnivorous and scavenging behaviors. By integrating metabolomic data with archaeological, anatomical, and microbiological evidence, the study explores how early hominins adapted to intermittent but energy-dense animal-based diets. The analysis highlights the development of hepatic insulin resistance, enhanced fat and protein metabolism, and shifts in gut microbiota diversity as physiological signatures of meat consumption. Comparative evaluations of digestive enzyme profiles, intestinal morphology, and salivary composition underscore humans' omnivorous flexibility and partial carnivorous specialization. Additionally, biomarkers such as ketone bodies, branched-chain amino acids, and trimethylamine-N-oxide are identified as metabolic indicators of habitual meat intake. These adaptations, though once evolutionarily advantageous, are discussed in relation to current metabolic disorders in modern nutritional contexts. Overall, this review presents a metabolomic framework for understanding the evolutionary trajectory of human digestion and its implications for health and dietary recommendations.

Indexed as

digestive adaptationenzyme evolutiongut microbiotahuman dietary evolutionketogenic metabolismmeat consumptionmetabolomics

Identifiers

PMID40710552
PMCPMC12297991

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.