ArticleJournal of gastroenterology2025
Investigating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as predictors of lymph node metastasis in deep submucosal invasive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of gastroenterology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Narrative review: clinical application and challenges of circulating tumor DNA in treatment response evaluation and prognostic prediction for esophageal cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Development and validation of an m6A and autophagy related lncRNAs signature for predicting survival and modulating the immune microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVarious subtypes of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with prognosis in various cancer types. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), TILs have been associated with prognosis in advanced stages of the disease. However, their significance in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of TILs in SESCC.
methodsFirst, we included 212 SESCC lesions with a diameter of 10-20 mm (65 pT1a-EP, 74 pT1a-LPM,40 pT1a-MM, and 33 pT1b-SM lesions) that were resected at our hospital from November 2007 to December 2019. We then examined changes in TILs related to tumor invasion. We evaluated the phenotype and number of TILs using triple immunofluorescence staining for CD4, CD8, and FoxP3. In addition, we selected 97 consecutive pT1b-SM lesions treated during the same period. These specimens were used to examine the association between TILs and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in pT1b-SM cases.
resultsThe number of CD4 + , CD8 + , and FoxP3 + TILs infiltrating the tumor increased significantly with increasing invasion depth. In pT1b-SM lesions, CD4 + , CD8 + , and FoxP3 + TIL counts were significantly higher in the invasive front (IF) than in the tumor center (CT). Moreover, in patients undergoing surgical resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection (regardless of additional chemoradiotherapy), the number and ratio of FoxP3 + TILs in IF were significantly higher in patients with LNM than in those without, suggesting their potential utility as predictive biomarkers.
conclusionsThe number and ratio of FoxP3 + TILs in the IF may be an indicator of LNM risk in SESCC.
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