ArticleJournal of advanced research2026
Astaxanthin biofortification enhances tobacco tolerance to lead stress through boosting antioxidant defense, reducing Pb accumulation, and modulating detoxification pathways.
Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHeavy metal pollution including lead (Pb) has become one of the serious global issues threatening food security, human health, and the ecosystem. Exogenous application of astaxanthin (ATX), a potent natural antioxidant, has been shown to enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, the role of endogenous ATX in alleviating Pb stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.
objectivesThis study aimed to systematically investigate the effects and mechanism of endogenous ATX in biofortified tobacco (T-ATX) in promoting plant growth, particularly enhancing plant tolerance to Pb toxicity and blocking Pb pollution.
methodsPot experiments were employed to investigate plant growth and Pb tolerance as well as Pb absorption and translocation in T-ATX and wild-type (SNN) tobacco seedlings subjected to various doses of Pb stress. Multiple physiological and cellular examinations were conducted, followed by integrated omics approaches in this study.
resultsT-ATX plants exhibited an increased plant height, root length, leaf area, and biomass compared to SNN under Pb stress. T-ATX displayed higher levels of chlorophyll, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activities, and non-enzymatic antioxidants, with improved integrity of subcellular structures. Remarkably, Pb content in various organs and Pb translocation coefficient were significantly reduced in T-ATX. Multiple genes and metabolites associated with antioxidant defense mechanisms, detoxification pathways, carotenoid metabolism, Pb ion transport, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly upregulated in T-ATX tobacco plants.
conclusionEndogenous ATX enriched in the T-ATX genotype significantly confers plant healthy performance and high tolerance to Pb stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, maintaining cellular structural integrity, reducing Pb absorption and translocation, upregulating detoxification and the related signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the endogenous ATX-mediated molecular mechanisms to promote plant growth and mitigate Pb toxicity, establishing a foundation for using ATX-fortified crops for green control technology of heavy metal pollution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.