ArticleChiropractic & manual therapies2025
Ultrasound measurements of lumbar spinous process movement during flexion distraction manipulation: a preliminary descriptive cross-sectional study with healthy participants.
Article in Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Practical guide to structuring the Methods and Results sections in clinical and epidemiological studies.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2026Article
- From mechanotransduction to manual therapy: advances in piezo/TRP channels and lumbar degeneration.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic low back pain is a prevalent condition that impairs productivity and quality of life. While spinal manipulative therapy reduces pain and disability, the biomechanical mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. This study utilized diagnostic ultrasound to measure lumbo-sacral spinous process movement (L3-S1) during Cox
methodsThis study analyzed a convenience sample of generally healthy participants, aged 21 years and older, from both sexes and various ethnicities who reported no back pain. Participants were recruited through announcements and flyers posted around the Keiser university campus. Data was collected from June-August 2022. The participants were positioned prone on a specialized flexion distraction chiropractic table. Ultrasound imaging was performed to measure the spinous process distance from L3-S1 before the procedure, during flexion distraction utilizing standard Protocol I, and post-procedure. Ultrasound measurements were recorded by identifying the tips of the spinous processes and distances between L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1, before, during, and after flexion distraction. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests to evaluate spinous process distances pre- and during Cox
resultsThirty participants (16 male, 14 female) with a mean age of 32.5 years (Standard deviation [SD] 10.4), mean weight of 69.2 Kg (SD 11.8), mean height of 169.0 cm (SD 8.9), and BMI of 23.9 underwent Cox
conclusionUltrasound imaging revealed significant separation of spinous processes at L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 during Cox
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