Evidence mapPaperPMID 40714943Full record

ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2025

Risk of Infections with SGLT2 Inhibitors Versus DPP4 Inhibitors: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Antibiotic Dispensing Data.

Maria J Alfonso Arvez, George S Q Tan, Sam Wade, Zanfina Ademi, Jenni Ilomäki, J Simon Bell

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Maria J Alfonso ArvezCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1411-110X
George S Q TanCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2526-729X
Sam WadeCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0009-0007-4680-8514
Zanfina AdemiCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0625-3522
Jenni IlomäkiCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0348-9441
J Simon BellCentre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6115-2767

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study compared the number and cumulative dose of antibiotic dispensings among new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors following hospital discharge in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from public and private hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Antibiotic dispensings were assessed over 12 months among new users of these medicines. Negative binomial regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to estimate weighted incidence rate ratios and confidence intervals for the total number of antibiotic dispensings and cumulative defined daily doses, stratified by antibiotic class. A total of 58.3% of SGLT2 inhibitor users (9,162 individuals) and 61.4% of DPP4 inhibitor users (16,589 individuals) received antibiotics. Initiators of SGLT2 inhibitors had a lower number of overall antibiotic dispensings compared with initiators of DPP4 inhibitors (weighted incidence rate ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.90), a pattern that was consistent across antibiotic classes. SGLT2 inhibitor initiators also had lower cumulative defined daily doses overall (weighted incidence rate ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.93), with significantly lower doses for penicillins, sulphonamides, and quinolones. These findings suggest that the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower antibiotic use in terms of both the number of dispensings and cumulative dose, indicating potentially lower rates of infections among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesVictoriaAnti-Bacterial AgentsDipeptidyl-Peptidase IV InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40714943
PMCPMC12598131

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.