SynthesisAnnals of medicine2025
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Annals of medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predicting lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture: A machine learning model with emphasis on diabetes as a key risk factor.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Cognitive and Functional Outcomes Following Postoperative Delirium and Liberal Fluid Fasting in Elderly Trauma Patients: A Prospective Single-Centre Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Perioperative interventions in preventing postoperative delirium following orthopaedic surgery in the elderly: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Intraoperative methylene blue administration and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis of surgical patients.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- The stress hyperglycemia ratio as a novel risk marker for postoperative delirium after cardiac valve surgery.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- General Anesthesia in Psychiatric Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery: A Mechanistic Narrative Review-Reports (MDPI) · 2025Review
- Post-operative Delirium in Orthopedic Fracture Patients: Challenges and Strategies.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPostoperative delirium is a common and serious complication in orthopedic surgery patients, particularly in the elderly. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the risk factors associated with postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery patients.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, Elsevier Science Direct, and CNKI databases from inception to October 2024. Studies reporting risk factors for postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery patients were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models to calculate pooled risk ratios (RR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsA total of 19 studies involving 4,410 patients were included. Significant risk factors for postoperative delirium included advanced age (WMD: 3.30 years, 95% CI: 0.59-6.01), male sex (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00-1.26), diabetes (RR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.20-2.58), and preoperative cognitive dysfunction (RR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.76-2.22). BMI was not significantly associated with delirium risk (WMD: -0.19, 95% CI: -0.84-0.46). The quality of the included studies was generally good, with NOS scores ranging from 6 to 8.
conclusionThis meta-analysis identified several significant risk factors for postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery patients, including advanced age, male sex, diabetes, and preoperative cognitive dysfunction. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of postoperative delirium and underscore the importance of comprehensive preoperative assessment to identify high-risk patients. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive risk prediction models that integrate both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors to improve outcomes for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.