ArticleNature plants2025
Reverse engineering of the pattern recognition receptor FLS2 reveals key design principles of broader recognition spectra against evading flg22 epitopes.
Article in Nature plants, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms and balanced regulation of plant immunity.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- From recognition to proteolytic control: NLRs and metacaspases in plant antiviral immunity.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026Review
- Structure-informed engineering of plant-microbe interactions.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Diversification and deployment of PRR and NLR immune receptors in potato.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Chloroplast-to-apoplast relocalization of MOC1 strengthens plant vascular immunity.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- Current Understanding of Cell-Surface Immune Receptors for MAMPs and Plant Parasites in the Solanaceae Family.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Review
- Exploiting plant immune "switches" for resistance engineering.Stress biology · 2026Review
- mGem: Applying microbiome therapeutic learnings to next-generation agricultural bioproducts.mBio · 2026Review
- The transformative power of structural predictions with AI in plant science.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Plant cell surface receptors.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Calcium signaling in crops.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Morphology and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Bitter Gourd (Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- β-sheet stabilization of the island domain underlies ligand-induced LRR-RP activation of plant immune signaling.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- The new era of bioengineered plant NLR receptors.Plant communications · 2025Article
- Unlocking expanded flagellin perception through rational receptor engineering.Nature plants · 2025Article
- mamp-ml: A deep learning approach to epitope immunogenicity in plants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Flagellin sensing, signaling, and immune responses in plants.Plant communications · 2025Review
- The resistance awakens: Diversity at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels informs engineering of plant immune receptors from Arabidopsis to crops.The Plant cell · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the ongoing plant-pathogen arms race, plants use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), while in successful pathogens, PAMPs can evolve to evade detection. Engineering PRRs to recognize evading PAMPs could potentially generate broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance. Here we reverse-engineered two natural variants of the PRR FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), VrFLS2XL and GmFLS2b, with extended recognition specificities towards evading flg22 variants. We identified minimal gain-of-function residues enabling blind FLS2s to recognize otherwise evading flg22 variants. We uncovered two strategies: (1) optimizing FLS2-flg22 interaction around flg22's key evasion sites and (2) strengthening direct FLS2-BAK1 interaction to overcome weak agonistic and antagonistic flg22s, respectively. In addition, we leveraged polymorphisms that enhance recognition through unknown mechanisms to engineer a superior recognition capability. These findings offer basic design principles to engineer PRRs with broader recognition spectra, paving the way for PRR engineering to generate precisely gene-edited disease-resistant crops.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.