ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2025
Dynamic macrophage phenotypes in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global research trends on macrophage polarization in osteoarthritis: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Macrophage-driven pathological ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Bone research · 2026Review
- Tissue-Resident Macrophage in Inflammation and Cancer.MedComm · 2026Review
- Review
- Macrophage programming in systemic sclerosis: Niches, networks, and translational horizons.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Management of Musculoskeletal Injuries with an Inflammatory Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) Etiology.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- From metabolic node to smart building block: α-Ketoglutarate-empowered biomaterials for programmable cell fate.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Macrophage Plasticity: Phenotypic and Functional Profiles Across Pathological Microenvironments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Age and neutrophil counts at the time of diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica: are they useful or confounding factors in the geriatrician's clinical practice?European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Adalimumab Reprograms M1 Macrophages to Attenuate Th1/Th17 Responses in Behçet's Uveitis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Beyond M1/M2: The Pivotal Role of Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming in Chronic Bone Disease and Targeted Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From nanotechnology to immunomodulation: emerging strategies targeting macrophages in high altitude pulmonary hypertension.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory supramolecular hydrogel for rheumatoid arthritis management via adenosine A2A receptor-mediated macrophage remodeling.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Nanotherapeutic Macrophage-Neuro Reprogramming Through Immunometabolic Crosstalk Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury and Neurologic Damage.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- CAR-macrophages: a new chapter in cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Article
- RORα: a critical nexus in the crosstalk between cholesterol metabolism and macrophage polarization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- SIRT1 as a Key Regulator in Rheumatic Diseases: Integrating Molecular Insights with Traditional Chinese Medicine Approaches.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages regulate inflammatory and fibrotic processes in several autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. They are highly plastic cells, shifting within a range of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic phenotypes in response to dynamic interactions with other cells, environmental factors and cytokine signatures. The terms 'M1 macrophages', or classically activated, and 'M2 macrophages', or alternatively activated, were previously used to denote pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage subsets, respectively, but this classification system has been outdated by in vivo evidence of a continuum of macrophage phenotypes that includes M1-like, M2-like and hybrid phenotypes. Deciphering the specific mechanisms that drive macrophage plasticity and function during the progression of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in synovitis and large vessel vasculitis in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis, can improve our understanding of disease pathophysiology. Macrophage plasticity is enhanced in synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis, fibrotic skin and lung in systemic sclerosis, damaged kidney in systemic lupus erythematosus, and the bursal tissues or large vessels in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Sophisticated transcriptomic analyses have revealed various phenotypic clusters of macrophages in biopsies of affected organs. Moreover, macrophage plasticity seems to be targeted by some standardized drugs used to treat the aforementioned conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40721670What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.