ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Effect of IL-1β on NSCLC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as Actors in Mediating Cancer Progression and Evading Immune System.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Co-Culture of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and fibroblasts induces altered integrin expression associated with 3D structural formation.Cytotechnology · 2026Article
- Effects of Tumor Microenvironment on Lung Cancer Stem Cells: Bidirectional Regulatory Mechanisms.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Review
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20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased IL-1β levels may promote carcinogenesis and metastasis by affecting tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in cell-to-cell communication, thus modulating the TME and immune response. Here, we aimed to test whether tumor-derived small EVs (TEVs) isolated from sensitive and osimertinib-resistant (OR) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells may promote EMT via fibronectin binding to α5β1 integrin as well as suppress the immune system and if these effects may be favored by IL-1β.
methodsTEVs were isolated from control, OR, and IL-1β-stimulated NSCLC cells. Expressions of fibronectin and PD-L1 were screened in TEVs and the mRNA levels of vimentin and SMAD3 were also assessed in cancer cells after TEV co-culturing. Furthermore, to detect the effect on immune cells, we co-cultured TEVs with lung cancer patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
resultsTEVs were positive for fibronectin and the highest protein levels were found in TEVs obtained from the OR and IL-1β-stimulated cells. TEV-mediated activation of α5β1 signaling led to the upregulation of vimentin and SMAD3 mRNA in NSCLC cells and stimulated cell migration. EVs also increased PD-1, CTLA-4, FOXP3, TNF-α, IL-12, and INF-γ mRNA in lung cancer patients' immune cells.
conclusionsOur findings indicate that TEVs promote EMT in NSCLC cells by the activation of the fibronectin-α5β1 axis. Finally, IL-1β stimulation induces TEV release with biological properties similar to OR TEVs, thus leading to cancer invasion and immune suppression and suggesting that inflammation can promote tumor spreading.
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