Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40730398›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Effect of adjunctive intraoral balance appliance in the usual care of patients with chronic temporomandibular joint disorders using Korean medicine in South Korea: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Woo-Chul Shin, Se Yun Kim, Whisung Cho, Jaehyun Park, Hyungsuk Kim, Won-Seok Chung, Mi-Yeon Song, Jae-Heung Cho

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Woo-Chul ShinDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).
Se Yun KimDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).
Whisung ChoDepartment of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).
Jaehyun ParkDepartment of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).
Hyungsuk KimDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3919-4597
Won-Seok ChungDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).
Mi-Yeon SongDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5069-7382
Jae-Heung ChoDepartment of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of) spinacho@khu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-3645

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated structures, often leading to pain, dysfunction and a significant impact on quality of life. Epidemiological studies have estimated that up to 75% of the population in the USA exhibits at least one sign of TMD. Although conservative treatments, such as acupuncture and occlusal splints, have been recommended, evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive, and the combined effects of these interventions are not well understood.This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an intraoral balance appliance (IBA) combined with standard Korean medicine care, compared to Korean medicine care alone, in patients with chronic, painful TMD with myalgia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A single-centre, two-arm, parallel, practitioner-blinded and evaluator-blinded, randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio will be designed to test the interventions. 76 patients with TMD with myalgia will be recruited and randomised. The interventions will include manual acupuncture and physical therapy for both groups, with the addition of IBA in the treatment group for 3 weeks. The primary outcomes of the study will be the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain and discomfort at the final visit at week 4. Secondary outcomes will include overall functional assessment of the TMJ using several scales, as well as evaluations of quality of life, patient satisfaction and ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is obtained from the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB number: KOMCIRB 2023-06-001). The result from this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The protocol was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS), Republic of Korea, on 30 October 2023, CRiS number KCT0008906 prior to the initiation of the study, and was revised on 7 July 2025 (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=30270&search_page=M&search_lang=&class_yn=).

Indexed as

Acupuncture TherapyMyalgiaTemporomandibular Joint DisordersAdultChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansMalePain MeasurementQuality of LifeRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRepublic of KoreaTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultChronic PainClinical TrialCOMPLEMENTARY MEDICINEPAIN MANAGEMENTRandomized Controlled Trial

Identifiers

PMID40730398
PMCPMC12306455

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.