ArticleBMC public health2025
Cardiometabolic risk phenotypes and chronic kidney disease incidence in older adults: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: candidate subtypes and genetic risk factors.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is mixed evidence for an association between cardiometabolic risk factors and chronic kidney disease risk (CKD). This study aimed to determine whether different latent classes of cardiometabolic conditions were associated with chronic kidney disease risk.
methodData from 7,195 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. Latent class analysis was performed using data on obesity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis or rheumatism, and systemic inflammatory conditions and heart disease. Confounder-adjusted multiple logistic regressions were conducted to estimate CKD incidence by cardiometabolic latent classes. Sensitivity analyses were performed across cross-sectional and longitudinal samples, as well as derivation and validation cohorts.
resultsThree cardiometabolic classes were identified: relatively healthy cardiometabolic (RHC) phenotype, metabolic syndrome (MetS) phenotype, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) phenotype, which accounted for 66.2%, 19.9%, and 13.8%, respectively. The incidence of CKD was 12.7% in the CVD group, 9.4% in the MetS group, and 5.9% in the RHC group. After adjusting for confounding factors, it was found that the metabolic syndrome type had a 54% increased risk of newly diagnosed CKD compared to the healthy heart type (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.22-1.93), while the cardiovascular type increased by 104% (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.61-2.57). Sensitivity analyses showed high consistency (> 90%) in class assignments, confirming model robustness.
conclusionDifferent cardiometabolic phenotypes are associated with an increased risk of new-onset CKD. Gender and age are important factors influencing the strength of this association. Phenotypic classification may improve CKD risk stratification and guide early prevention efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.