Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40733144›Full record

ReviewPharmaceutics2025

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Methods for Enhancing Skin Permeability and Their Evaluation.

Elena O Bakhrushina, Marina M Shumkova, Yana V Avdonina, Arsen A Ananian, Mina Babazadeh, Ghazaleh Pouya, Viktoria V Grikh, Irina M Zubareva, Svetlana I Kosenkova, Ivan I Krasnyuk and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Elena O BakhrushinaA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-8695-0346
Marina M ShumkovaA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-4448-2588
Yana V AvdoninaA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.ORCID 0009-0008-9891-6995
Arsen A AnanianA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.
Mina BabazadehA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.ORCID 0009-0008-2195-0730
Ghazaleh PouyaA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.
Viktoria V GrikhA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.
Irina M ZubarevaA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.
Svetlana I KosenkovaA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-9337-5917
Ivan I KrasnyukA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-8557-8829
Ivan I KrasnyukA.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is an increasingly important non-invasive method for administering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) through the skin barrier, offering advantages such as improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced systemic side effects. As demand increases for patient-friendly and minimally invasive treatment options, TDD has attracted substantial attention in research and clinical practice. This review summarizes recent advances enhancing skin permeability through chemical enhancers (e.g., ethanol, fatty acids, terpenes), physical (e.g., iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis), and nanotechnological methods (e.g., liposomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and transferosomes). A comprehensive literature analysis, including scientific publications, regulatory guidelines, and patents, was conducted to identify innovative methods and materials used to overcome the barrier properties of the stratum corneum. Special emphasis was placed on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluation techniques for such as Franz diffusion cells for assessing drug permeation and skin interactions. The findings highlight the importance of active physical methods, passive nanostructured systems, and chemical penetration enhancers. In conclusion, integrating multiple analytical techniques is essential for the rational design and optimization of effective transdermal drug delivery systems.

Indexed as

permeation enhancersskin permeationtransdermal systems

Identifiers

PMID40733144
PMCPMC12300492

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.