ArticleViruses2025
Rheumatological Manifestations in People Living with Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in Northern Brazil.
Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- HTLV-1-associated diseases: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2026Pooled it
- Observational
- Seroprevalence Assessment of HTLV-1 and Its Related Risk Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Gonabad in 2023.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- FC-duplex IgG1 (HTLV-1/2): Qualifying the flow cytometry IgG1 duplex assay for differential diagnosis of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Dengue virus modulates critical cell cycle regulatory proteins in human megakaryocyte cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection has been associated with inflammatory, autoimmune, and lymphoproliferative diseases with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Among patients with inflammatory rheumatological disease manifestations, cases of rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, polymyositis, and fibromyalgia, among others, have been reported. Another common feature of rheumatological diseases is the presence of joint manifestations, such as arthralgia and arthritis. In the present study, we sought to determine the laboratory profile and clinical rheumatological manifestations of people living with HTLV-1/2 residing in a metropolitan area in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 957 individuals were screened for HTLV-1/2 infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and samples from seropositive individuals were subjected to infection confirmation by Western blotting or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Individuals with confirmed HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection were clinically evaluated for signs and symptoms of rheumatological diseases. Of the 957 individuals tested, 69 were positive for HTLV-1/2 infection, with 56 confirmed cases of HTLV-1 infection (5.9%), 12 of HTLV-2 infection (1.2%), and 1 classified as undetermined (0.1%). After clinical screening, 15 infected individuals with complaints suggestive of rheumatological disease were selected for evaluation by a rheumatologist (11 with HTLV-1 infection (1.1%) and 4 with HTLV-2 infection (0.4%)). The predominant pain pattern was symmetrical polyarthralgia, with large joints predominantly being affected. The diseases diagnosed were psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and regional pain syndromes. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity was observed in two patients. Our findings confirm that HTLV-1 infection is associated with rheumatological disease manifestations and highlight the novel finding of cases of HTLV-2 infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.
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