Evidence mapPaperPMID 40733512Full record

SynthesisViruses2025

The Association Between HIV Infection and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Meta-Analysis.

Angelina Nieuwoudt, Kay-Lee E Strauss, Wendy N Phoswa, Kabelo Mokgalaboni

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Angelina NieuwoudtDepartment of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
Kay-Lee E StraussDepartment of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
Wendy N PhoswaDepartment of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-7769-4528
Kabelo MokgalaboniDepartment of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-3224-7433

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of mortality globally, and this is worse in people living with HIV (PLHIV). While the administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this population has significant benefits, it is essential to acknowledge that it also has some undesired effects. This study investigated the impact of ART on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in PLHIV as a marker of early atherosclerosis. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases from 1 January 1987 to 30 May 2025. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were analyzed using a meta-analysis web tool and reported as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-seven studies, which included 3250 PLHIV on ART and 1542 who were ART-naive, were relevant. The mean age was 41.26 in ART and 39.91 years. The results showed a higher CIMT in PLHIV on ART compared to the ART-naive group, MD = 0.03 mm, 95% CI (0.02 mm to 0.04 mm),

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAtherosclerosisCarotid Intima-Media ThicknessHIV InfectionsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsAnti-HIV AgentsAnti-Retroviral Agentsantiretroviral therapyatherosclerosiscardiovascular riskcarotid intima-media thicknesshuman immunodeficiency virus

Identifiers

PMID40733512
PMCPMC12298079

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.