ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025
Glycemic therapies and the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- How Negative Controls Are Used in Pharmacoepidemiology: A Methodological Scoping Review of Real-World Observational Studies of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Comparative effectiveness of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists on the risk of incident dementia after acute kidney injury: a target-trial emulation.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity in the Context of Type 2 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2026Review
- Glycemic therapies and the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events in veterans with type 2 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Development of a risk prediction model for gastrointestinal adverse events associated with semaglutide administration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo compare the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events in new users of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and insulin glargine. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted an active comparator, new user design study in veterans with type 2 diabetes who initiated one of these drug classes between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 (N = 141 080). Inverse probability weighted Cox regression models were used to relate drug class to outcomes of gastroparesis, intestinal obstruction, gallstones, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis and all-cause death.
resultsThere were 19 765 (14.0%) veterans initiated on GLP-1RA, 75 058 (53.2%) on SGLT2i and 46 257 (32.8%) on insulin glargine. Compared to SGLT2i, GLP-1RA had a higher hazard of gastroparesis (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.33-2.05) but a similar mortality hazard. Compared to insulin glargine, GLP-1RA had a higher hazard of gastroparesis (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02, 1.52), but a lower hazard of all-cause death (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.58, 0.66). Compared to SGLT2i, insulin glargine had a higher hazard of gastroparesis (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07, 1.56), intestinal obstruction (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11, 1.43) and all-cause death (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.50, 1.65). Risks of gallstones, acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis were similar across the classes.
conclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes at risk for gastroparesis, SGLT2i might be the preferred agent. In patients for whom SGLT2i is not an option or another agent is needed, patients and providers might need to weigh the higher risk of death with insulin glargine against the higher risk of gastroparesis with GLP-1RA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.