ArticleAge and ageing2025
Nut consumption, gut microbiota, and cognitive function: findings from a prospective study in older adults at risk of cognitive decline.
Article in Age and ageing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and 2-year Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Overweight or Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Review
- Gut Microbiome-Associated Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Glucose Homeostasis, Body Composition, and Cognitive Function: A Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Impact on Cognitive Function in Humans.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Personalized Nutrition Through the Gut Microbiome in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Comorbidities.Nutrients · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe diet-microbiota-gut-brain axis emerges as a promising target for preventing neurodegenerative disorders. Nuts are nutrient-dense foods with potential neuroprotective and prebiotic properties, yet their relationship with longitudinal cognitive changes and gut microbiota remains unclear.
objectiveTo assess the association of baseline nut consumption with 6-year changes in cognitive function and baseline gut microbiota composition in older adults.
methodsThis prospective study included 747 participants (mean age 65 ± 5 years, 48% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. Baseline nut consumption, assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire, was categorised as ≤1, 1-3, 3-7, and > 7 servings/week. Cognitive function was evaluated at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 years, using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Gut microbiota composition was profiled through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Multivariable linear mixed-effects and linear regression models were utilized.
resultsParticipants consuming 3-7 servings of nuts/week showed significantly slower declines in global cognitive function over the follow-up period compared to those consuming ≤1 serving/week (4-year: β[95%CI] = 0.170[0.022,0.319], P = .024; 6-year: 0.176[0.020,0.331], P = .027). This nut consumption category was also associated with higher gut microbial diversity (Shannon index: β[95%CI] = 0.211[0.008,0.414], P = .042). Thirteen taxa were associated with nut consumption, 10 positively, including Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, which was further associated with positive changes in global cognitive function (2-year: β[95%CI] = 0.020[0.004,0.036], q = 0.050) and slower decline in attention (6-year: 0.042[0.020,0.064], q = 0.001).
conclusionsModerate nut consumption (3-7 servings/week), was interconnectedly associated with cognitive preservation and favourable gut microbiota composition, underscoring the potential of dietary modulation of the gut-brain axis for healthy ageing.
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