ArticleStroke and vascular neurology2026
Association of fluid balance with 3-month outcomes in severe acute ischaemic stroke.
Article in Stroke and vascular neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hydration Care After Stroke: A Systematic Review of International Clinical Practice Guidelines.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Association of fluid balance trajectories and cumulative fluid balance with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFluid therapy is commonly used for patients with severe stroke, for whom fluid balance is a safety endpoint for evaluating the therapy. We aimed to investigate the association of fluid balance with 3-month outcomes in patients with severe ischaemic stroke.
methodsWe enrolled patients with severe ischaemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥15) admitted to the department of neurology within 24 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms. Daily fluid balance volume in millilitres was defined as 24-hour fluid input minus fluid output. We calculated the mean value of daily fluid balance for the first 3 days after admission, and categorised patients as having positive fluid balance (daily fluid balance>+500 mL), even fluid balance (between -500 and +500 mL) and negative fluid balance (<-500 mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death at 3 months. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to investigate the association of fluid balance with 3-month death, with even fluid balance as the reference group.
resultsOf the 354 patients (mean age 73.1±12.9 years, 48.6% males) with severe ischaemic stroke, 94 patients (26.6%) had positive fluid balance, 194 patients (54.8%) had even fluid balance and 66 patients (18.6%) had negative fluid balance. Patients with positive fluid balance had a higher risk of 3-month death (adjusted OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.85, p=0.007), while patients with negative fluid balance did not show a significant difference (adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 0.88 to 3.20, p=0.115). The restricted cubic spline analysis illustrated a U-shaped trend of dose response relationship for mean daily fluid balance in relation to the adjusted OR of 3-month death (p for non-linearity=0.02).
conclusionIn patients with severe ischaemic stroke, the positive fluid balance in the first 3 days was associated with a higher risk of death at 3 months.
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