Evidence mapPaperPMID 40739423Full record

ArticleNature medicine2025

Immune cell landscape in a human decedent receiving a pig liver xenograft.

Kai-Shan Tao, Yu-Wei Ling, Xuan Zhang, Zhao-Xu Yang, Hong-Tao Zhang, Shu-Qiang Yue, Yan-Ling Yang, Wen-Jie Song, De-Sheng Wang, Zheng-Cai Liu and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. [Research progress in the field of liver failure with artificial livers in 2025].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Kai-Shan Tao *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. taokaishan0686@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-0445
Yu-Wei Ling *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Xuan Zhang *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Zhao-Xu Yang *Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Hong-Tao ZhangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Shu-Qiang YueDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Yan-Ling YangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-1756
Wen-Jie SongDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
De-Sheng WangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Zheng-Cai LiuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Hai-Min LiDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Yong ChenDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Rui DingDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Lin LiDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Min LiDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Zhi-Bin LinDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Hao XuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Dan WeiDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Hong ZhangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Juan-Li DuanDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Ran ZhuangDepartment of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-0422
En-Wu LongDepartment of Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Liang ZhouDepartment of Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Deng-Ke PanChengdu Clonorgan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China. pandengke2002@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7994-1465
Ke-Feng DouDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. doukef@fmmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-5072
Lin WangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. fierywang@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5586-3012

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82325007, 92468202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advancements in genetically engineered pigs have spurred research into pig-to-human xenotransplantation, particularly involving heart, kidney and liver. Here we characterize immune cell populations cells in both peripheral blood and transplanted liver in a human decedent who received a pig liver xenograft and who was monitored over the course of 10 days. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial RNA sequencing, we found that T cells were progressively activated in the peripheral blood, whereas γδT cells and exhausted T cells infiltrated the pig liver extensively, indicating impaired adaptive immunity. Additionally, we identified two distinct monocyte clusters that may influence the coagulation and immune response after xenotransplantation. First, at an early phase after transplantation, THBS1

Indexed as

LiverLiver TransplantationAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsB7-H1 AntigenHeterograftsHumansImmunity, InnateMonocytesSwineThrombospondin 1T-LymphocytesTransplantation, HeterologousB7-H1 AntigenThrombospondin 1

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.