ReviewThyroid research2025
Effects of probiotics and synbiotics oral supplementation on thyroid function in adults: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Thyroid research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbiome and thyroid diseases: future precision studies of the gut-thyroid axis to facilitate the adjuvant treatment.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Microbiota management: a perspective for kidney transplant patients.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Coffee consumption and risk of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort and case control studies.Thyroid research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimEvidence suggests that the gut microbiota may have a potential impact on thyroid function, given the gut-thyroid axis and the microbiome's involvement in nutrient absorption, immune modulation, and hormone metabolism. Emerging research highlighted that probiotics and synbiotics may influence thyroid hormone regulation, although findings in original studies are inconsistent. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of probiotics and synbiotics oral supplementation on thyroid hormones in adults.
methodsA systematic search was conducted across major online databases until April 2025. Studies were selected, relevant data extracted, and statistically analyzed using standard mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsThe pooled analysis of nine clinical trials showed that probiotics and synbiotics oral supplementation led to a significant reduction in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (SMD: -1.10, 95%CI: [-1.96, -0.23], p = 0.013), and significantly increase free triiodothyronine (T3) (SMD: 0.98, 95% CI: [0.10, 1.85], p = 0.029) and free thyroxine (T4) (SMD: 1.04, 95%CI: [0.04, 2.05], p = 0.042). Subgroup analyses indicated that supplementation lasting ≤ 8 weeks showed a stronger effect. Additionally, patients with thyroid disorders show higher responsiveness.
conclusionProbiotics and synbiotics supplementation may beneficially modulate thyroid function, demonstrated by a significant reduction in TSH levels and increases in free T3 and free T4, particularly among individuals with thyroid disorders. These findings support the potential role of microbiome-targeted interventions as adjunctive strategies in managing thyroid dysfunction. However, further large-scale, long-term RCTs are needed to confirm their clinical efficacy and to establish standardized protocols for their use in routine care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.