ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Overcoming resistant cancerous tumors through combined photodynamic and immunotherapy (photoimmunotherapy).
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecularly engineered BODIPY photosensitizers for combined cancer phototherapy and immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- A mini-review: photodynamic therapy-induced immune activation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem as it causes significant mortality globally. In the last decades, conventional and recent therapeutic approaches have been used in oncology for cancer treatment. Despite this, the complete eradication of cancer is challenging, as the existing therapeutic strategies for cancer are typically faced with limitations. This is linked to cancer resistance to treatment, which arises because of the versatile nature of cancerous cells. Novel anticancer therapeutic procedures based on immune system activation, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy (IOT), are promising in treating resistant tumors. PDT is a minimally invasive treatment that induces cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for direct elimination of cancerous cells, but can also trigger anticancer effects by activating the immune system of the host. IOT also has significant anticancer efficacy and has emerged as an advanced anticancer treatment that mainly enhances and stimulates the innate immune system of the body to identify and destroy cancerous cells. IOT can also instigate a long-lasting anticancer response by harnessing the body's immune system. PDT and IOT, when used alone, cannot tackle the issue of cancer resistance. This review elucidates the principles, benefits, and setbacks of PDT and IOT, along with the unique attributes that render them suitable for cancer combination therapy. It underscores the advancement of cancer PDT when utilized in combination with IOT (photoimmunotherapy), while also encapsulating the preclinical evidence regarding the efficacy of photoimmunotherapy, and its combination with nanotechnology (Nano-photoimmunotherapy). The key findings indicate that photoimmunotherapy preclinical methods hold great promise in cancer treatment, as they can directly destroy cancer cells through PDT while also stimulating an increased anticancer immunity through co-delivery of IOT agents. Target-specific moieties can be used in nanotechnology-based anticancer photoimmunotherapy techniques to get past resistance and other therapeutic obstacles. However, clinical utilization of photoimmunotherapy procedures is greatly required to warrant the full efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.