Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40747469›Full record

ArticleBladder (San Francisco, Calif.)2025

Tolerability and efficacy of induction Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Mann Patel, Aravind Rajagopalan, Ellen M Cahill, Kevin J Chua, Rachel Passarelli, John Pfail, Sai Krishnaraya Doppalapudi, David Golombos, Thomas Jang, Vignesh T Packiam and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bladder (San Francisco, Calif.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mann PatelDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Aravind RajagopalanDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Ellen M CahillDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Kevin J ChuaSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Rachel PassarelliSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
John PfailSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Sai Krishnaraya DoppalapudiSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
David GolombosSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Thomas JangSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Vignesh T PackiamSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Saum GhodoussipourSection of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the standard treatment for intermediate-risk, high-grade, and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, it is associated with adverse effects, potentially causing treatment interruptions or discontinuation. Objectives: This study analyzed the tolerability and efficacy of induction BCG, with associated patient- and disease-related factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on BCG-naive patients diagnosed with high-grade NMIBC, who received induction BCG at our institution between 2011 and 2021. Tolerability was defined as the completion of a 6-week induction course of BCG without treatment interruption or discontinuation. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors associated with the inability to tolerate treatment. Results: Induction BCG was given to 203 NMIBC patients, where 147 (72%) patients tolerated the treatment. Treatment interruptions occurred in 44 (22%) patients, while 12 (5.9%) patients discontinued the treatment. The median length of interruption was 1 week, primarily due to concerns about urinary tract infection (UTI) ( Conclusion: Inability to tolerate BCG occurred in 28% of patients, with 5.9% experiencing discontinuation. Interruptions were short, mostly concerning UTI, and rarely leading to discontinuation. Poor tolerability was associated with male sex, hypertension, and low pre-treatment hemoglobin levels, highlighting critical targets for reducing the risk of BCG interruption or discontinuation.

Indexed as

Adverse effectsBacillus Calmette–GuérinNon-muscle-invasive bladder cancerTolerability

Identifiers

PMID40747469
PMCPMC12308126

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.