Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40747696›Full record

Trial reportPediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2025

Effects of maternal allergy and supplementation with ω-3 fatty acid and probiotic on human milk oligosaccharides.

Ahmed Al-Kaabawi, Eva Landberg, Magalí Martí, Elisabet Severin, Lina Tingö, Karel Duchén, Maria C Jenmalm

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01542970 (Combined Dietary Supplementation With Lactobacillus Reuteri and Omega-3 PUFA During Pregnancy and Postnatally in Relation to Development of IgE-associated Disease During Infancy), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01542970 naunknown statusnot on this map

Combined Dietary Supplementation With Lactobacillus Reuteri and Omega-3 PUFA During Pregnancy and Postnatally in Relation to Development of IgE-associated Disease During Infancy

TypeinterventionalSponsorOstergotland County Council, SwedenRan2012 to 2017Enrolled496ConditionsAllergy, Gastrointestinal FunctionArmsPlacebo, Omega-3 fatty acids, Refined coconut and peanut oil without L. reuteri, L. reuteri
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ahmed Al-KaabawiDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9892-6548
Eva LandbergDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Magalí MartíDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Children's and Women's Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Elisabet SeverinDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Lina TingöDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2482-9281
Karel DuchénAllergy Center, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
Maria C JenmalmDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2117-5366

Funding

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Linköping UniversityHjärt-LungfondenInsamlingsstiftelsen Cancer- och AllergifondenJoanna Cocozza FoundationVetenskapsrådet
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex carbohydrates that act as prebiotics, supporting infants' gut microbial colonization and immune development. HMO levels are influenced by several maternal factors, including genetics, diet, and health status. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of ω-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri supplementation on HMO levels in colostrum and mature milk. Another aim is to compare HMO levels between allergic and non-allergic mothers and to explore the correlation between HMOs and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in milk.

methodsMilk samples (n = 136) were collected from mothers enrolled in a clinical trial (PROOM-3) designed to investigate the effect of pre- and postnatal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA and L. reuteri on allergy development in early childhood. HMOs were measured in colostrum and mature milk collected 3 months postpartum using high-performance anion exchange chromatography. SIgA was measured in colostrum, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-month milk using ELISA.

resultsThe supplements did not affect HMO levels in colostrum or mature milk. However, maternal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA decreased the HMO diversity over time. Additionally, allergic mothers expressed significantly lower levels of several HMOs compared to non-allergic mothers. Additionally, SIgA correlated positively with fucosylated and negatively with sialylated HMOs.

conclusionSupplementation with ω-3 PUFA could reduce the HMO diversity over the course of lactation. Also, maternal allergy seems to be associated with a reduction in levels of several HMOs. Furthermore, there is a possible dynamic interplay between HMOs and SIgA in milk.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov-ID: NCT01542970.

Indexed as

Fatty Acids, Omega-3HypersensitivityLimosilactobacillus reuteriMilk, HumanOligosaccharidesProbioticsAdultColostrumDietary SupplementsFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin A, SecretoryInfantFatty Acids, Omega-3Immunoglobulin A, SecretoryOligosaccharidesclinical trialhuman milkhuman milk oligosaccharidesLimosilactobacillus reuterimaternal allergysecretory immunoglobulin aω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Identifiers

PMID40747696
PMCPMC12314855

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.