Trial reportPediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2025
Effects of maternal allergy and supplementation with ω-3 fatty acid and probiotic on human milk oligosaccharides.
Trial report in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01542970 (Combined Dietary Supplementation With Lactobacillus Reuteri and Omega-3 PUFA During Pregnancy and Postnatally in Relation to Development of IgE-associated Disease During Infancy), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Combined Dietary Supplementation With Lactobacillus Reuteri and Omega-3 PUFA During Pregnancy and Postnatally in Relation to Development of IgE-associated Disease During Infancy
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Characterization of human milk oligosaccharides from Chinese mothers and their association with delivery mode and infant eczema.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex carbohydrates that act as prebiotics, supporting infants' gut microbial colonization and immune development. HMO levels are influenced by several maternal factors, including genetics, diet, and health status. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of ω-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri supplementation on HMO levels in colostrum and mature milk. Another aim is to compare HMO levels between allergic and non-allergic mothers and to explore the correlation between HMOs and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in milk.
methodsMilk samples (n = 136) were collected from mothers enrolled in a clinical trial (PROOM-3) designed to investigate the effect of pre- and postnatal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA and L. reuteri on allergy development in early childhood. HMOs were measured in colostrum and mature milk collected 3 months postpartum using high-performance anion exchange chromatography. SIgA was measured in colostrum, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-month milk using ELISA.
resultsThe supplements did not affect HMO levels in colostrum or mature milk. However, maternal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA decreased the HMO diversity over time. Additionally, allergic mothers expressed significantly lower levels of several HMOs compared to non-allergic mothers. Additionally, SIgA correlated positively with fucosylated and negatively with sialylated HMOs.
conclusionSupplementation with ω-3 PUFA could reduce the HMO diversity over the course of lactation. Also, maternal allergy seems to be associated with a reduction in levels of several HMOs. Furthermore, there is a possible dynamic interplay between HMOs and SIgA in milk.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov-ID: NCT01542970.
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