SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2025
What are the costs associated with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum? A systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obstetric pharmacoeconomics.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research · 2026Review
- Case Report: Using primary care behavioral health to address routine nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and prenatal psychosocial concerns.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Symptom Severity and Quality of Life Impact in Hyperemesis Gravidarum and Nausea of Pregnancy: Evidence From a Large Cross-Sectional Study.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and its more severe form, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) are common and debilitating causes of maternal morbidity. However, evidence regarding the economic burden is limited.
aimTo identify studies focusing on the costs associated with NVP and HG, to estimate the economic burden of NVP and HG.
methodsA literature search was conducted in 2023 using five electronic databases. Articles were appraised using both the Larg and Moss checklist and the CASP tool for Economic Analyses. Included studies reported the cost of illness, economic burden, or health care expenditures related to NVP and/or HG. A narrative synthesis was performed. Costs were adjusted for inflation and currency differences, presented in 2023 US dollars ($USD).
resultsSeven studies were included from 652 studies identified. The studies were methodologically and clinically heterogenous and lacked consistent reported outcome measures. All identified a significant economic burden of NVP and HG, including substantial annual and direct per patient costs, as well as indirect costs to the patient. Costs increased with severity of disease, and outpatient or day stay units were more cost-effective models of care including via reduction of disease severity.
conclusionsOur findings indicate the significant economic burden associated with NVP and HG. Original studies differed in methodology and outcomes measured; however substantial cost savings were demonstrated through targeted models of care. As there is little information about the economic burden of HG and NVP, further studies are required, with agreed outcome data, to inform policy and practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.