Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40751153›Full record

SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2025

Differential effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on diabetic osteopathy in type 2 diabetes: a patient-stratified network meta-analysis.

Yazan Jumah Alalwani, Ali Saad Alshahrani, Aseel Ibrahem Alsudays, Reema Nasser Awad Almutairi, Rana Ali Hassan Arab, Reema Safar Ali Alqahtani, Omar Saad Alrefaei, Rana Alqahtani, Meshal Salman Bin Ofaysan, Ahmed Y Azzam and 1 more

Abstract readNetwork Meta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yazan Jumah AlalwaniCollege of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Ali Saad AlshahraniDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahad University Hospital, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Aseel Ibrahem AlsudaysCollege of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia.
Reema Nasser Awad AlmutairiCollege of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
Rana Ali Hassan ArabCollege of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Reema Safar Ali AlqahtaniCollege of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Omar Saad AlrefaeiCollege of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Rana AlqahtaniCollege of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Meshal Salman Bin OfaysanCollege of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed Y AzzamDirector of Clinical Research and Clinical Artificial Intelligence, ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, Delaware, USA. ahmedyazzam@gmail.com.
Ammar K AlomranDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiabetic osteopathy is a skeletal disorder that is characterized by increased fracture risk despite normal bone mineral density. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as important therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but their effects on diabetic bone disease were not studied nor investigated sufficiently in previous studies in the literature. We conducted a network meta-analysis to evaluate the differential effects of GLP-1 RAs on bone health outcomes in patients with T2DM.

methodsWe performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating GLP-1 RAs with bone-related outcomes in T2DM patients. Primary outcomes included changes in bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, and fracture incidence.

resultsA total of 33 randomized controlled trials (33,107 participants) were included. GLP-1 RAs demonstrated improvements in BMD at the lumbar spine (0.052 g/cm

conclusionsGLP-1 RAs may provide skeletal benefits in T2DM patients by addressing specific mechanisms underlying diabetic osteopathy. The skeletal effects appear to vary according to agent type, patient characteristics, and treatment duration, suggesting promising role for personalized approaches to therapy selection. When bone health is a concern, GLP-1 RAs may represent a beneficial therapeutic option that could simultaneously address both metabolic and skeletal outcomes in patients with T2DM, though further bone-specific studies is needed for newer agents.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsBone DensityBone RemodelingFractures, BoneHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsBone healthDiabetic osteopathyGLP-1 receptor agonistsSkeletal disordersType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID40751153
PMCPMC12315457

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.