Evidence mapPaperPMID 40751189Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2025

Association between long-term visit-to-visit resting heart rate variability and cognitive decline: evidence from two national cohorts.

Guangjun Zheng, Biying Zhou, Zhenger Fang, Xia Chen, Mingliang Liu, Fudong He, Haofeng Zhang, Guang Hao, Haidong Zhu, Yanbin Dong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Guangjun Zheng *Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Biying Zhou *Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Zhenger FangDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Xia ChenDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Mingliang LiuDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Fudong HeDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
Haofeng ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
Guang HaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China. haoguang2015@hotmail.com.
Haidong ZhuDepartment of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Yanbin DongDepartment of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive impairment is a major public health problem. This study aimed to examine the association between long-term visit-to-visit resting heart rate variability (RHRV) and cognitive dysfunction among the general population.

methodsData was derived from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Variation independent of mean (VIM) was used to assess participants’ RHRV in the main analyses. Cognitive functions in both cohorts were measured by using tests including memory, attention, and orientation, and a standardized Z score was calculated. Linear mixed models and restricted cubic splines were adopted to explore the association between RHRV and cognitive decline.

resultsThere were 7,582 and 4,085 eligible participants from the HRS and the CHARLS in the analyses, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, VIM of RHRV was significantly associated with global cognitive function (HRS: β for per-SD increment = − 0.022 [95% CI, − 0.040 to − 0.005]; CHARLS: β for per-SD increment = -0.023 [95% CI, − 0.045 to − 0.000]). Similar results were observed from several sensitivity analyses, including using average real variability and coefficient of variation for RHRV, additionally adjusted for physical activity, excluding participants who had heart problems at baseline, and further adjusting for the C-reactive protein in the CHARLS.

conclusionOur results suggest that RHRV was independently associated with cognitive function in the general population.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionHeart RateAgedChinaCognitionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedCognitive declineHeart rate variabilityVariation independent of mean

Identifiers

PMID40751189
PMCPMC12317605

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.